@article{Wijen.2005,
	title = {Negotiating innovation: product renewal as the outcome of a complex bargaining process},
	author = {Frank Wijen and Geert Duysters},
	journal = {R&D Management},
	number = {1},
	pages = {73-87},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2005},
	biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/23c60a7ccef2bbd11df78f793eaa64213/callagialla},
	abstract = {In this paper, it is argued that innovation can be the result of a repetitive, multi-actor negotiation process. We present the case of an environment-related product innovation in a large multinational company that emerged as the outcome of a complex interaction process in which numerous external and internal actors negotiated to safeguard their own interests. This negotiation perspective challenges conventional economic views of innovations, in which new products and processes are regarded as exogenous variables, the outcomes of deliberately planned research, or the combination of technology (pushing) and market (pulling) inducements. Instead, innovation may be a non-linear, unpredictable process that involves multiple actors with divergent interests and that leads to outcomes that are collectively acceptable but not necessarily (sub)optimal. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR Copyright of R & D Management is the property of Blackwell Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)
In this paper, it is argued that innovation can be the result of a repetitive, multi-actor negotiation process. We present the case of an environment-related product innovation in a large multinational company that emerged as the outcome of a complex interaction process in which numerous external and internal actors negotiated to safeguard their own interests. This negotiation perspective challenges conventional economic views of innovations, in which new products and processes are regarded as exogenous variables, the outcomes of deliberately planned research, or the combination of technology (pushing) and market (pulling) inducements. Instead, innovation may be a non-linear, unpredictable process that involves multiple actors with divergent interests and that leads to outcomes that are collectively acceptable but not necessarily (sub)optimal. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR Copyright of R & D Management is the property of Blackwell Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)},
	issn = {0033-6807},
	keywords = {-- CORPORATIONS GrowthINTERNATIONAL business businessNEW enterprisesNEGOTIATION in innovations managementTECHNOLOGICAL productsPRODUCT }
}

@article{verspagen2004small,
	title = {The small worlds of strategic technology alliances},
	author = {Bart Verspagen and Geert Duysters},
	journal = {Technovation},
	month = {#jul#},
	number = {7},
	pages = {563--571},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V8B-47PPBHJ-2/2/267d15fb01aed51c61075268d7f67272},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2004},
	biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2fdc447c2b71917865f4a8ba4e923baf2/stefano},
	description = {ScienceDirect - Technovation : The small worlds of strategic technology alliances},
	abstract = {This paper analyzes the phenomenon of strategic technology alliances. It is proposed that the concept of small worlds, which has been adopted from mathematical graph theory, is a useful model to combine two theoretical streams that have previously analyzed this phenomenon. These are the theory of social capital and the theory of structural holes. We outline a small worlds model, and apply it to data on strategic technology alliances. We find that networks of strategic technology alliances can indeed be characterized as small worlds, and that this has favorable implications for knowledge transfer. There are, however, also important differences between two different technology fields that we consider: chemicals and food, and electricals.},
	keywords = {economics graphs innovation technology }
}

@article{verspagen2004small,
	title = {The small worlds of strategic technology alliances},
	author = {Bart Verspagen and Geert Duysters},
	journal = {Technovation},
	month = {#jul#},
	number = {7},
	pages = {563--571},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V8B-47PPBHJ-2/2/267d15fb01aed51c61075268d7f67272},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2004},
	biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2fdc447c2b71917865f4a8ba4e923baf2/stumme},
	description = {ScienceDirect - Technovation : The small worlds of strategic technology alliances},
	abstract = {This paper analyzes the phenomenon of strategic technology alliances. It is proposed that the concept of small worlds, which has been adopted from mathematical graph theory, is a useful model to combine two theoretical streams that have previously analyzed this phenomenon. These are the theory of social capital and the theory of structural holes. We outline a small worlds model, and apply it to data on strategic technology alliances. We find that networks of strategic technology alliances can indeed be characterized as small worlds, and that this has favorable implications for knowledge transfer. There are, however, also important differences between two different technology fields that we consider: chemicals and food, and electricals.},
	keywords = {Models Social Strategic Structural alliances capital dynamics holes network of technology }
}