@article{Paulesu2000, title = {A cultural effect on brain function.}, author = {E. Paulesu and E. McCrory and F. Fazio and L. Menoncello and N. Brunswick and S. F. Cappa and M. Cotelli and G. Cossu and F. Corte and M. Lorusso and S. Pesenti and A. Gallagher and D. Perani and C. Price and C. D. Frith and U. Frith}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, pages = {91--96}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/71163}, volume = {3}, year = {2000}, biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2da374209ea85dff5191e9c776c22cd37/perceptron}, abstract = {We present behavioral and anatomical evidence for a multi-component reading system in which different components are differentially weighted depending on culture-specific demands of orthography. Italian orthography is consistent, enabling reliable conversion of graphemes to phonemes to yield correct pronunciation of the word. English orthography is inconsistent, complicating mapping of letters to word sounds. In behavioral studies, Italian students showed faster word and non-word reading than English students. In two PET studies, Italians showed greater activation in left superior temporal regions associated with phoneme processing. In contrast, English readers showed greater activations, particularly for non-words, in left posterior inferior temporal gyrus and anterior inferior frontal gyrus, areas associated with word retrieval during both reading and naming tasks.}, doi = {10.1038/71163}, pmid = {10607401}, keywords = {Adult; Brain Culture; Emission-Computed England; Frontal Gov't; Humans; Italy; Linguistics; Lobe; Mapping; Non-U.S. Photic Reaction Reading; Research Speech; Stimulation; Support, Temporal Time; Tomography, } } @article{Brunswick1999, title = {Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics: A search for Wernicke's Wortschatz?}, author = {N. Brunswick and E. McCrory and C. J. Price and C. D. Frith and U. Frith}, journal = {Brain}, pages = {1901--1917}, volume = {122}, year = {1999}, biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/23d154a18f5bc6eadf92c1635636f45f1/perceptron}, abstract = {Two groups of male university students who had been diagnosed as dyslexic when younger, and two groups of control subjects of similar age and IQ to the dyslexics, were scanned whilst reading aloud and during a task where reading was implicit. The dyslexics performed less well than their peers on a range of literacy tasks and were strikingly impaired on phonological tasks. In the reading aloud experiment, simple words and pseudowords were presented at a slow pace so that reading accuracy was equal for dyslexics and controls. Relative to rest, both normal and dyslexic groups activated the same peri- and extra-sylvian regions of the left hemisphere that are known to be involved in reading. However, the dyslexic readers showed less activation than controls in the left posterior inferior temporal cortex [Brodmann area (BA) 37, or Wernicke's Wortschatz], left cerebellum, left thalamus and medial extrastriate cortex. In the implicit reading experiment, word and pseudoword processing was contrasted to visually matched false fonts while subjects performed a feature detection paradigm. The dyslexic readers showed reduced activation in BA 37 relative to normals suggesting that this group difference, seen in both experiments, resides in highly automated aspects of the reading process. Since BA 37 has been implicated previously in modality-independent naming, the reduced activation may indicate a specific impairment in lexical retrieval. Interestingly, during the reading aloud experiment only, there was increased activation for the dyslexics relative to the controls in a pre-motor region of Broca's area (BA 6/44). We attribute this result to the enforced use of an effortful compensatory strategy involving sublexical assembly of articulatory routines. The results confirm previous findings that dyslexic readers process written stimuli atypically, based on abnormal functioning of the left hemisphere reading system. More specifically, we localize this deficit to the neural system underlying lexical retrieval.}, pmid = {10506092}, keywords = {Adult; Aids; Audiovisual Behavior; Brain Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Dyslexia; Emission-Computed Factors; Frontal Gov't; Humans; Intelligence Language Lobe; Male; Mapping; Non-U.S. Psychometrics; Reading; Research Support, Temporal Tests; Time Tomography, } } @inproceedings{conf/dimacs/McCrory01, title = {How to Show a Set is not Algebraic.}, author = {Clint McCrory}, booktitle = {Algorithmic and Quantitative Aspects of Real Algebraic Geometry in Mathematics and Computer Science}, crossref = {conf/dimacs/2001}, editor = {Saugata Basu and Laureano González-Vega}, pages = {77-82}, publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, url = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/dimacs/dimacs2001.html#McCrory01}, year = {2001}, biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2d2c037e8f1df62790d8595c2a01bf3cd/dblp}, description = {dblp}, isbn = {0-8218-2863-0}, date = {2004-07-28}, keywords = {dblp } }