%0 Journal Article %1 VanRoie:2013:Exp-Gerontol:23999311 %A Van Roie, E %A Delecluse, C %A Coudyzer, W %A Boonen, S %A Bautmans, I %D 2013 %J Exp Gerontol %K exercise intensity muscle_strength muscle_volume strength training %N 11 %P 1351-1361 %R 10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.010 %T Strength training at high versus low external resistance in older adults: effects on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force-velocity characteristics %U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23999311 %V 48 %X Muscle adaptations can be induced by high-resistance exercise. Despite being potentially more suitable for older adults, low-resistance exercise protocols have been less investigated. We compared the effects of high- and low-resistance training on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force-velocity characteristics. Fifty-six older adults were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of leg press and leg extension training at either HIGH (2�10-15 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), LOW (1�80-100 repetitions at 20% of 1RM), or LOW+ (1�60 repetitions at 20% of 1RM, followed by 1�10-20 repetitions at 40% of 1RM). All protocols ended with muscle failure. Leg press and leg extension of 1RM were measured at baseline and post intervention and before the first training session in weeks 5 and 9. At baseline and post intervention, muscle volume (MV) was measured by CT-scan. A Biodex dynamometer evaluated knee extensor static peak torque in different knee angles (PT(stat90�), PT(stat120�), PT(stat150�)), dynamic peak torque at different speeds (PT(dyn60�s)(-1), PT(dyn180�s)(-1), PT(dyn240�s)(-1)), and speed of movement at 20% (S20), 40% (S40), and 60% (S60) of PTstat90�. HIGH and LOW+ resulted in greater improvements in 1RM strength than LOW (p<0.05). These differences were already apparent after week 5. Similar gains were found between groups in MV, PT(stat), PT(dyn60�s)(-1), and PT(dyn180�s)(-1). No changes were reported in speed of movement. HIGH tended to improve PT(dyn240�s)(-1) more than LOW or LOW+ (p=0.064). In conclusion, high- and low-resistance exercises ending with muscle failure may be similarly effective for hypertrophy. High-resistance training led to a higher increase in 1RM strength than low-resistance training (20% of 1RM), but this difference disappeared when using a mixed low-resistance protocol in which the resistance was intensified within a single exercise set (40% of 1RM). Our findings support the need for more research on low-resistance programs in older age, in particular long-term training studies and studies focusing on residual effects after training cessation.

@article{VanRoie:2013:Exp-Gerontol:23999311, abstract = {Muscle adaptations can be induced by high-resistance exercise. Despite being potentially more suitable for older adults, low-resistance exercise protocols have been less investigated. We compared the effects of high- and low-resistance training on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force-velocity characteristics. Fifty-six older adults were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of leg press and leg extension training at either HIGH (2�10-15 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), LOW (1�80-100 repetitions at 20% of 1RM), or LOW+ (1�60 repetitions at 20% of 1RM, followed by 1�10-20 repetitions at 40% of 1RM). All protocols ended with muscle failure. Leg press and leg extension of 1RM were measured at baseline and post intervention and before the first training session in weeks 5 and 9. At baseline and post intervention, muscle volume (MV) was measured by CT-scan. A Biodex dynamometer evaluated knee extensor static peak torque in different knee angles (PT(stat90�), PT(stat120�), PT(stat150�)), dynamic peak torque at different speeds (PT(dyn60�s)(-1), PT(dyn180�s)(-1), PT(dyn240�s)(-1)), and speed of movement at 20% (S20), 40% (S40), and 60% (S60) of PTstat90�. HIGH and LOW+ resulted in greater improvements in 1RM strength than LOW (p<0.05). These differences were already apparent after week 5. Similar gains were found between groups in MV, PT(stat), PT(dyn60�s)(-1), and PT(dyn180�s)(-1). No changes were reported in speed of movement. HIGH tended to improve PT(dyn240�s)(-1) more than LOW or LOW+ (p=0.064). In conclusion, high- and low-resistance exercises ending with muscle failure may be similarly effective for hypertrophy. High-resistance training led to a higher increase in 1RM strength than low-resistance training (20% of 1RM), but this difference disappeared when using a mixed low-resistance protocol in which the resistance was intensified within a single exercise set (40% of 1RM). Our findings support the need for more research on low-resistance programs in older age, in particular long-term training studies and studies focusing on residual effects after training cessation.}, added-at = {2014-11-24T22:15:27.000+0100}, author = {Van Roie, E and Delecluse, C and Coudyzer, W and Boonen, S and Bautmans, I}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b03664904208b4b060cba8174b81ef0d/kappasuslin}, description = {Strength training at high versus low external resistance in older a... - PubMed - NCBI}, doi = {10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.010}, interhash = {16f61917e2105c8576c3fee2c7e27658}, intrahash = {b03664904208b4b060cba8174b81ef0d}, journal = {Exp Gerontol}, keywords = {exercise intensity muscle_strength muscle_volume strength training}, month = nov, number = 11, pages = {1351-1361}, pmid = {23999311}, timestamp = {2014-11-24T22:15:27.000+0100}, title = {Strength training at high versus low external resistance in older adults: effects on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force-velocity characteristics}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23999311}, volume = 48, year = 2013 }