Abstract
A secondary analysis of a longitudinal study with 556 adolescents compared self-enhancement and skill development models of education. Cross-lagged panel correlation was used to analyze 5 years of data, resulting in 10 potential replications of any causal pattern. The self-enhancement model (that perceived evaluations of others cause self-evaluation of ability, which in turn causes academic achievement) was not supported. However, among females, academic achievement caused both self- and other-evaluations as well as aspirations. The causal patterns did not appear to vary across socioeconomic status level. The perceived evaluation of others' questions lacked discriminant validity and did not appear to measure anything different from self-concept. The results are compared to the findings of evaluations of compensatory education programs.
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