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Patterns Languages in Participatory Design

by: Andy Dearden, Janet Finlay, Elizabeth Allgar, and Barbara Mcmanus

In: People and Computers XVII: Memorable yet Invisible, Proceedings of HCI'2002Springer Verlag (2002) , p. 159-174.

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URL:	http://www.lmu.ac.uk/ies/comp/research/isle/patterns/papers/hci.pdf

In recent years the Human–Computer Interaction community has witnessed a growing interest in the use of ‘design patterns’ and ‘pattern languages’, a representation for design knowledge based on the work of the architect Christopher Alexander. In this paper, we re-examine Alexander’s work, highlighting his participatory approach to design, his use of patterns in design generation and his ethical commitment to designing life-enhancing artefacts. Based on this review, we report on three studies exploring the use of pattern languages as tools to support a participatory approach to interactive systems design. Our results suggest that pattern languages can enable users to participate in a generative design process but that issues of form and facilitation need careful consideration.

BibTeX record

@inproceedings{Dearden02b,
  abstract = {In recent years the Human–Computer Interaction community has
witnessed a growing interest in the use of ‘design patterns’ and ‘pattern
languages’, a representation for design knowledge based on the work
of the architect Christopher Alexander. In this paper, we re-examine
Alexander’s work, highlighting his participatory approach to design,
his use of patterns in design generation and his ethical commitment to
designing life-enhancing artefacts. Based on this review, we report on
three studies exploring the use of pattern languages as tools to support a
participatory approach to interactive systems design. Our results suggest
that pattern languages can enable users to participate in a generative
design process but that issues of form and facilitation need careful
consideration.},
  added-at = {2008-05-30T00:56:49.000+0200},
  author = {Dearden, Andy and Finlay, Janet and Allgar, Elizabeth and Mcmanus, Barbara},
  biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2909d1d15129da7fd1dd4f22292dbd686/yish},
  booktitle = {People and Computers XVII: Memorable yet Invisible, Proceedings of HCI'2002},
  citeulike-article-id = {493792},
  comment = {Dearden, Finlay, Allgar \& Mcmanus (2002; 2002b) Point at the strong ideological and methodological parallels between Alezander's original vision of pattern language and the paradigm of participatory design. Pattern languages were concieved as a means of making expert knowledge accesible to naive planners, and enable educated and informed designers to work with naive users in collaboration. By contrast, in practice many pattern languages have taken a highly specialized form, and have become part of a professional jargon.

As an alternative, Dearden et al propose the 'facilitation' model developed by Alexander et al (1985) in the Mexicali project. In that project, an 'Architect-builder' worked with a family to enable them to design and build their own house. The pattern language was shared by the designer and the family, and used to present and discuss design problems and solutions. The family could refer to the pattern even when choosing an alternative design.

One of the studies Dearden at al report uses Bergin's language pedagogical patterns to support the participatory design of an elearning web-site. The design was produced by a group of students and practicing teachers and facilitated by an experiences designer. They report that using this approach empowered the practitioners and enabled them to produce quality designs. This approach also enabled the facilitator to structure the design process and communicate complex issues. On the cautionary side, practitioners reported initial difficulties and even stress associated with learning such a new approach. They also tended not to question the patterns, relying on them as given truths. These issues place extra responsibility in the role of the facilitator.

We see such an approach as very promising in the context of designing pedagogical practices for the mathematical classroom. In such a model, researchers and designers contribute their specialist knowledge, while teachers bring their practical experience and awareness of real-world constraints. Using a suitable pattern language can enable such a diverse community to pool knowledge and collaboratively design innovative, effective and realistic educational practices.

---

"All users were able to develop a viable design using the patterns approach. All were positive about the process by the end of the session, although all also admitted that they initially found the exercise difficult and in two cases ‘stressful’. ...

The pattern language also enabled the facilitator to structure the collaborative session, ensuring a coherent and systematic process. The structure of the session

reflected the organisation of the pattern language, suggesting that this too is important to a successful participatory process.

Again users used the patterns to explore the design space. Even users with some

experience ofWeb design indicated that the patterns gave them new ideas and helped them organise their thoughts. One of the more experienced users felt the pattern language helped him design more quickly and reliably. Again, users challenged the patterns and suggested potential patterns that were missing from the language, for example, accessibility issues. This mirrors our experience with the travel pattern

language and is consistent with Alexander’s view of pattern languages as evolving artefacts.

However, it became clear that some users tended to rely on the patterns. One user spoke of ‘trusting the patterns’ and several others indicated that their confidence in their design was due to the fact that the patterns were ‘correct’. This has important

implications for the development and validation of pattern languages. If users are going to be able to rely on the pattern languages, we have a responsibility to ensure

they represent reliable claims about design." (pp. 181)},
  editor = {Faulkner, X. and Finlay, J. and Detienne, F.},
  interhash = {9868b0ce96515cf8045b08a770c41ec4},
  intrahash = {909d1d15129da7fd1dd4f22292dbd686},
  keywords = {CERME-6-patterns KalDesignResearch LDSE alexander cal09-patterns christopher design designapproaches designpatterns eLPBookMor emdp language languages mathgamespatterns mythesis participatory participatorydesign pattern pedagogicalpatterns},
  pages = {159-174},
  priority = {2},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  timestamp = {2008-05-30T00:56:49.000+0200},
  title = {Patterns Languages in Participatory Design},
  url = {http://www.lmu.ac.uk/ies/comp/research/isle/patterns/papers/hci.pdf},
  year = 2002
}

Endnote record

%0 Conference Paper
%1 Dearden02b
%A Dearden, Andy
%A Finlay, Janet
%A Allgar, Elizabeth
%A Mcmanus, Barbara
%B People and Computers XVII: Memorable yet Invisible, Proceedings of HCI'2002
%D 2002
%E Faulkner, X.
%E Finlay, J.
%E Detienne, F.
%I Springer Verlag
%K 
%P 159-174
%T Patterns Languages in Participatory Design
%U http://www.lmu.ac.uk/ies/comp/research/isle/patterns/papers/hci.pdf
%X In recent years the Human–Computer Interaction community has
witnessed a growing interest in the use of ‘design patterns’ and ‘pattern
languages’, a representation for design knowledge based on the work
of the architect Christopher Alexander. In this paper, we re-examine
Alexander’s work, highlighting his participatory approach to design,
his use of patterns in design generation and his ethical commitment to
designing life-enhancing artefacts. Based on this review, we report on
three studies exploring the use of pattern languages as tools to support a
participatory approach to interactive systems design. Our results suggest
that pattern languages can enable users to participate in a generative
design process but that issues of form and facilitation need careful
consideration.

BibSonomy :: publication ::

Patterns Languages in Participatory Design

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