@article{citeulike:751157,
title = {Industrial enzymatic production of cephalosporin-based beta-lactams.},
address = {MBA, 18 Croydon Road, Caterham, Surrey CR3 6QB, UK.},
author = {M. S. Barber and U. Giesecke and A. Reichert and W. Minas},
journal = {Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol},
pages = {179--215},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=pubmed\&dopt=Abstract\&list_uids=15719556},
volume = {88},
year = {2004},
abstract = {Cephalosporins are chemically closely related to penicillins both
work by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. The first
generation cephalosporins entered the market in 1964. Second and
third generation cephalosporins were subsequently developed that
were more powerful than the original products. Fourth generation
cephalosporins are now reaching the market. Each newer generation
of cephalosporins has greater Gram-negative antimicrobial properties
than the preceding generation. Conversely, the 'older' generations
of cephalosporins have greater Gram-positive (Staphylococcus and
Streptococcus) coverage than the 'newer' generations. Frequency
of dosing decreases and palatability generally improve with increasing
generations. The advent of fourth generation cephalosporins with
the launch of cefepime extended the spectrum against Gram-positive
organisms without a significant loss of activity towards Gram-negative
bacteria. Its greater stability to beta-lactamases increases its
efficacy against drug-resistant bacteria. In this review we present
the current situation of this mature market. In addition, we present
the current state of the technologies employed for the production
of cephalosporins, focusing on the new and environmentally safer
'green' routes to the products. Starting with the fermentation and
purification of CPC, enzymatic conversion in conjunction with aqueous
chemistry will lead to some key intermediates such as 7-ACA, TDA
and TTA, which then can be converted into the active pharmaceutical
ingredient (API), again applying biocatalytic technologies and aqueous
chemistry. Examples for the costing of selected products are provided
as well.},
issn = {0724-6145}, citeulike-article-id = {751157}, priority = {2},
keywords = {biocatalysis enzyme }
}
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