The Relationship Between Memory and Judgment Depends on Whether the Judgment Task is Memory-Based or On-Line
Psychological Review, 93 (3):
258--268 (July 1986)DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.93.3.258
Abstract
Five alternative information processing models that relate memory for evidence to judgments based on the evidence are identified in the current social cognition literature: independent processing, availability, biased retrieval, biased encoding, and incongruity-biased encoding. A distinction between two types of judgment tasks, memory-based versus on-line, is introduced and is related to the five process models. In memory-based tasks where the availability model describes subjects' thinking, direct correlations between memory and judgment measures are obtained. In on-line tasks where any of the remaining four process models may apply, prediction of the memory-judgment relationship is equivocal but usually follows the independence model prediction of zero correlation.