Article,

Lagrangian Thermodynamics of Heat Transfer in Systems Including Fluid Motion

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Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, 29 (5): 568--577 (1962)

Abstract

The Lagrangian thermodynamic equations of irreversible processes are extended to convective heat transfer. This general- ization provides equations for the unified analysis of transient heat flow in complex systems comprising solid structures and moving fluids in either laminar or turbulent flow. The concept of a surface-heat-transfer coefficient is eliminated from the formu- lation. The theory is developed along two different lines. In one approach a new concept referred to as the “trailing function” is introduced. It represents the surface-heat-transfer properties and may be evaluated by quite simple but remarkably accurate variational procedures. The method of “associated fields” is also generalized to convective phenomena. The second line of ap- proach extends to convective heat transfer the thermodynamic concept of entropy production for both laminar and turbulent flow. The theory amounts to an extension of the thermody- namics of irreversible processes to systems for which Onsager’s relations are not valid.

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