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Spectroscopy of 7 Radio-Loud QSOs at 2<z<6: Giant Lyman-alpha Nebulae Accreting onto Host Galaxies

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(2014)cite arxiv:1407.4046Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS.

Abstract

We performed long-slit optical spectroscopy (GTC-OSIRIS) of 6 radio-loud QSOs at redshifts $2<z<3$, known to have giant ($50$-100 kpc) Lyman-$\alpha$ emitting nebulae, and detect extended Lyman-$\alpha$ emission for 4, with surface brightness $\sim10^-16$ ergs $cm^-2s^-1arcsec^-2$ and line width FWHM 400-1100 (mean 863) km $s^-1$. We also observed the $z\simeq 5.9$ radio-loud QSO, SDSS J2228+0110, and find evidence of a $10$ kpc extended Lyman-$\alpha$ emission nebula, a new discovery for this high-redshift object. Spatially-resolved kinematics of the 5 nebulae are examined by fitting the Lyman-$\alpha$ wavelength at a series of positions along the slit. We found the line-of-sight velocity $\Delta(v)$ profiles to be relatively flat. However, 3 of the nebulae appear systematically redshifted by 250-460 km $s^-1$ relative to the Lyman-$\alpha$ line of the QSO (with no offset for the other two), which we argue is evidence for infall. One of these (Q0805+046) had a small ($100$ km $s^-1$) velocity shift across its diameter and a steep gradient at the centre. Differences in line-of-sight kinematics between these 5 giant nebulae and similar nebulae associated with high-redshift radio galaxies (which can show steep velocity gradients) may be due to an orientation effect, which brings infall/outflow rather than rotation into greater prominence for the sources observed `on-axis' as QSOs.

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