BibSonomyburst/tag/CognitionBibSonomy RSS feed for /tag/Cognition2012-02-15T13:59:47+01:00http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21bacff4727755b0d74610da3b373a30e/sidyrsidyr2012-02-08T12:50:45+01:00cognition learning models probabilistic <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Griffiths">Thomas L. Griffiths</a>, <a href="/author/Chater">Nick Chater</a>, <a href="/author/Kemp">Charles Kemp</a>, <a href="/author/Perfors">Amy Perfors</a>, and <a href="/author/Tenenbaum">Joshua B. Tenenbaum</a> </span><em>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</em> <em>14(8):357-364</em> (<em>Jun 23, 2010</em>)Wed Feb 08 12:50:45 CET 2012Trends in Cognitive SciencesJune8357-364Probabilistic models of cognition: exploring representations and inductive biases142010cognition learning models probabilistic 23Cognitive science aims to reverse-engineer the mind, and many of the engineering challenges the mind faces involve induction. The probabilistic approach to modeling cognition begins by identifying ideal solutions to these inductive problems. Mental processes are then modeled using algorithms for approximating these solutions, and neural processes are viewed as mechanisms for implementing these algorithms, with the result being a top-down analysis of cognition starting with the function of cognitive processes. Typical connectionist models, by contrast, follow a bottom-up approach, beginning with a characterization of neural mechanisms and exploring what macro-level functional phenomena might emerge. We argue that the top-down approach yields greater flexibility for exploring the representations and inductive biases that underlie human cognition.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/226dac1ed14787f764104c446a9d54d89/muhemuhe2012-01-27T14:10:42+01:00Cognition Depression, Disorders, Humans; Illness Index; Memory Neuropsychological Severity Tests; Tinnitus, diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology; diagnosis/epidemiology; of <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Andersson">Gerhard Andersson</a>, and <a href="/author/McKenna">Laurence McKenna</a> </span><em>Acta Otolaryngol Suppl</em> (<em>December 2006</em>)Fri Jan 27 14:10:42 CET 2012Acta Otolaryngol SupplDec55639--43The role of cognition in tinnitus2006Cognition Depression, Disorders, Humans; Illness Index; Memory Neuropsychological Severity Tests; Tinnitus, diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology; diagnosis/epidemiology; of The role of cognition in tinnitus is difficult to ignore. First, tinnitus is likely to disrupt cognitive functioning, and there are some indications that tinnitus patients have impaired capacity to perform certain cognitive tasks. Second, evidence is emerging that tinnitus patients show cognitive bias in the way they handle information. Such information processing style suggests either depressive functioning, or anxious vigilance, or both. Finally, self-report measures of tinnitus distress all require conscious recollection of how tinnitus is perceived and the consequences of tinnitus. Such reports necessitate cognitive capacity.To review the literature on the interface between cognitive function and tinnitus, with special regard to the role of different levels of information processing.A selective systematic literature search was conducted using the search engines of Medline and Psychological Abstracts, and by hand search of conference proceedings.There are yet relatively few published studies on cognitive functioning in tinnitus patients. Most research has been conducted by a few separate research groups. However, the available studies clearly implicate an important role of cognitive processes at different levels from basic cognitive function to more conscious appraisal of the consequences of tinnitus. Finally, a tentative model of the road from tinnitus generation to annoyance via cognitive function is suggested.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2934f217544e3b5f4b94b0e5c768adc21/drchristiantreudrchristiantreu2012-01-23T14:46:10+01:00cognition ethnicity <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Gil-White">Francisco Gil-White</a> </span> (<em>2001</em>)Mon Jan 23 14:46:10 CET 2012Are Ethnic Groups Biological “Species” to the Human Brain?2001cognition ethnicity Species.pdf (application/pdf-Objekt)http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2f23d0705d790c82de6ab8fedf733dd20/drchristiantreudrchristiantreu2012-01-23T14:28:03+01:00cognition is mind of social theory what <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/ka"> ka</a> </span> (<em>?</em>)Mon Jan 23 14:28:03 CET 2012Folk Theory of Mind?cognition is mind of social theory what Folk_Theory_of_Mind_03.pdf (application/pdf-Objekt)http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/236877047a318698acef8c4a1efefb73e/bunkebunke2012-01-13T14:18:20+01:00AccidentalFalls Adaptation Physiological physiology Adult Cognition Hand Humans Male Motion PhysicalStimulation methods Posture <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Lo">J. Lo</a>, <a href="/author/McCabe">G. N. McCabe</a>, <a href="/author/DeGoede">K. M. DeGoede</a>, <a href="/author/Okuizumi">H. Okuizumi</a>, and <a href="/author/Ashton-Miller">J. A. Ashton-Miller</a> </span><em>Clin Biomech Bristol, Avon</em> <em>18(8):730--736</em> (<em>October 2003</em>)Fri Jan 13 14:18:20 CET 2012Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)Oct8730--736On reducing hand impact force in forward falls: results of a brief intervention in young males.182003AccidentalFalls Adaptation Physiological physiology Adult Cognition Hand Humans Male Motion PhysicalStimulation methods Posture OBJECTIVE: To test the working hypotheses that after a brief (10 min) intervention, (a) young adults can volitionally reduce fall-related wrist impact forces, and (b) no difference in impact force would exist between intervention and control groups at 3-weeks or 3-months follow-up. BACKGROUND: The wrist is the most commonly fractured site in the body at any age, most often as a result of impact with the ground while arresting a forward fall.Methods. Twenty-nine healthy young male volunteers participated. A 3-month intervention group (n=10) performed five standardized forward falls before and after a 10-min instructional intervention aimed at reducing wrist impact forces during the baseline visit. They, along with a 3-month control group (n=11) who did not receive the intervention, were remeasured in five trials at 3-weeks and 3-months follow-up, without intervening practice. A baseline control group (n=8) performed the five trials, then repeated them at the baseline visit without receiving the intervention. Unilateral body segment kinematics and bilateral hand-ground impact forces were measured and the hypotheses were tested using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: At the baseline visit, a significant group-by-trial-block interaction was found (P=0.02): the 3-month intervention group reduced their average maximum impact forces by 18\% from initial values (P=0.002); the baseline control group did not do so (0.5\% increase, P=0.91). The 3-month intervention (20 falls) and control (15 falls) groups did not differ at the 3-month follow-up (P=0.62); however, when the groups were combined their maximum impact force had decreased significantly (8.9\%, P=0.04) over that time. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy young males learned in 10 min to significantly reduce wrist impact forces in forward falls, but retention was poor at 3-weeks follow-up. Irrespective of group, however, after the 5 falls at 3-weeks subjects had taught themselves to reduce their impact forces at the 3-months follow-up. RELEVANCE: A brief educational intervention can significantly reduce forward fall-related impact forces in the short term. However, with or without the brief intervention, the experience of performing between 5-10 forward falls 3 weeks apart apparently resulted in decreased impact forces over the next 2 months, thereby reducing the risk of injury in these forward falls.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/24e574d69e17e934d6e166ef6d510eb8d/bunkebunke2012-01-13T14:17:44+01:00ActivitiesofDailyLiving Adult Aged Amputees rehabilitation ArtificialLimbs Cognition physiology Female Humans KneeProsthesis Male Microcomputers MiddleAged PatientSatisfaction ProsthesisDesign Questionnaires Walking <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Hafner">Brian J Hafner</a>, <a href="/author/Willingham">Laura L Willingham</a>, <a href="/author/Buell">Noelle C Buell</a>, <a href="/author/Allyn">Katheryn J Allyn</a>, and <a href="/author/Smith">Douglas G Smith</a> </span><em>Arch Phys Med Rehabil</em> <em>88(2):207--217</em> (<em>February 2007</em>)Fri Jan 13 14:17:44 CET 2012Arch Phys Med RehabilFeb2207--217Evaluation of function, performance, and preference as transfemoral amputees transition from mechanical to microprocessor control of the prosthetic knee.882007ActivitiesofDailyLiving Adult Aged Amputees rehabilitation ArtificialLimbs Cognition physiology Female Humans KneeProsthesis Male Microcomputers MiddleAged PatientSatisfaction ProsthesisDesign Questionnaires Walking OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in function, performance, and preference between mechanical and microprocessor prosthetic knee control technologies. DESIGN: A-B-A-B reversal design. SETTING: Home, community, and laboratory environments. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one unilateral, transfemoral amputees. INTERVENTION: Mechanical control prosthetic knee versus microprocessor control prosthetic knee (Otto Bock C-Leg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stair rating, hill rating and time, obstacle course time, divided attention task accuracy and time, Amputee Mobility Predictor score, step activity, Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire score, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey score, self-reported frequency of stumbles and falls, and self-reported concentration required for ambulation. RESULTS: Stair descent score, hill descent time, and hill sound-side step length showed significant (P<.01) improvement with the C-Leg. Users reported a significant (P<.05) decrease in frequency of stumbles and falls, frustration with falling, and difficulty in multitasking while using the microprocessor knee. Subject satisfaction with the C-Leg was significantly (P<.001) greater than the mechanical control prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The study population showed improved performance when negotiating stairs and hills, reduced frequency of stumbling and falling, and a preference for the microprocessor control C-Leg as compared with the mechanical control prosthetic knee.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/27aab4514c159c44e688a8bb584c09feb/djaindjain2012-01-11T14:18:55+01:00cognition <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Brooks">Rodney A. Brooks</a> </span><em>Robotics and Autonomous Systems</em> (<em>1990</em>)Wed Jan 11 14:18:55 CET 2012Robotics and Autonomous Systems3-15Elephants Don't Play Chess61990cognition diverse cognitive systems bibhttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/25d77e8a6dad62f3016a87b8649915d8c/djaindjain2012-01-11T13:57:49+01:00cognition <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Brooks">Rodney A. Brooks</a> </span><em>Artif. Intell.</em> <em>47(1-3):139-159</em> (<em>1991</em>)Wed Jan 11 13:57:49 CET 2012Artif. Intell.1-3139-159Intelligence without Representation.471991cognition http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2001ae5ca2c24ad8c87362fff26b36c45/djaindjain2011-12-05T17:01:54+01:00cognition <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Newell">Allen Newell</a>, and <a href="/author/Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a> </span><em>Commun. ACM</em> <em>19(3):113-126</em> (<em>1976</em>)Mon Dec 05 17:01:54 CET 2011Commun. ACM3113-126Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search191976cognition http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/299441ce0b939a01825948e5c3a00e3cb/djaindjain2011-12-04T20:14:22+01:00cognition <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Nilsson">Nils J. Nilsson</a> </span><em>50 Years of Artificial Intelligence, </em><em>volume 4850 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, </em><em>page 9-17. </em><em>Springer, </em>(<em>2006</em>)Sun Dec 04 20:14:22 CET 201150 Years of Artificial Intelligenceconf/ai50/20069-17Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceThe Physical Symbol System Hypothesis: Status and Prospects.48502006cognition dblphttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2dd03fec4f4e98b0cc55001a7651e8d2e/djaindjain2011-12-02T11:25:46+01:00cognition <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Brooks">Rodney Brooks</a> </span><em>The MIT Press, </em><em>Cambridge, MA, </em>(<em>1999</em>)Fri Dec 02 11:25:46 CET 2011Cambridge, MACambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI1999cognition http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/223b1ef1db1ee13039ff4963f729ff770/djaindjain2011-12-02T10:39:29+01:00cognition <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Anderson">Michael L. Anderson</a> </span><em>Artificial Intelligence</em> <em>149(1):91-130</em> (<em>2003</em>)<em>doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0004-37020300054-7 . </em>Fri Dec 02 10:39:29 CET 2011Artificial Intelligencedoi: DOI: 10.1016/S0004-3702(03)00054-7191-130Embodied Cognition: A Field Guide1492003cognition plasticity consciousnesshttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2126b3b352d3a7444e5b9752fc8a57b43/djaindjain2011-11-27T17:28:07+01:00TODO cognition <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Bach">Joscha Bach</a> </span><em>AGI, </em><em>volume 171 of Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, </em><em>page 63-74. </em><em>IOS Press, </em>(<em>2008</em>)Sun Nov 27 17:28:07 CET 2011AGIconf/agi/200863-74Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and ApplicationsSeven Principles of Synthetic Intelligence.1712008TODO cognition dblphttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c0cb118b8400cbd37a4e8ffb54749c76/yishyish2011-11-23T14:50:33+01:00brains cognition neurocognition neuroscience patternedpractice patternedpractices practices relativism social theory <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Turner">S.P. Turner</a> </span><em>University of Chicago Press, </em>(<em>2002</em>)Wed Nov 23 14:50:33 CET 2011Brains/practices/relativism: Social theory after cognitive science2002brains cognition neurocognition neuroscience patternedpractice patternedpractices practices relativism social theory "Brains/Practices/Relativism" presents the first major rethinking of social theory in light of cognitive science. Stephen P. Turner focuses especially on connectionism, which views learning as a process of adaptation to input that, in turn, leads to patterns of response distinct to each individual. This means that there is no common "server" from which people download shared frameworks that enable them to cooperate or communicate. Therefore, argues Turner, "practices"--in the sense that the term is widely used in the social sciences and humanities--is a myth, and so are the "cultures" that are central to anthropological and sociological thought. In a series of tightly argued essays, Turner traces out the implications that discarding the notion of shared frameworks has for relativism, social constructionism, normativity, and a number of other concepts. He suggests ways in which these ideas might be reformulated more productively, in part through extended critiques of the work of scholars such as Ian Hacking, Andrew Pickering, Pierre Bourdieu, Quentin Skinner, Robert Brandom, Clifford Geertz, and Edward Shils.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/208dd50d0742888e68f0d9605732aa39f/yishyish2011-11-23T14:48:21+01:00brain cognition cognitive mind neurocognition neuroscience patternedpractice patternedpractices practices social theory <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Turner">Stephen Turner</a> </span><em>European Journal of Social Theory</em> <em>10(3):357-374</em> (<em>2007</em>)Wed Nov 23 14:48:21 CET 2011European Journal of Social Theory3357-374Social Theory as a Cognitive Neuroscience102007brain cognition cognitive mind neurocognition neuroscience patternedpractice patternedpractices practices social theory In the nineteenth century, there was substantial and sophisticated interest in neuroscience on the part of social theorists, including Comte and Spencer, and later Simon Patten and Charles Ellwood. This body of thinking faced a dead end: it could do little more than identify highly general mechanisms, and could not provide accounts of such questions as `why was there no proletarian revolution?' Psychologically dubious explanations, relying on neo-Kantian views of the mind, replaced them. With the rise of neuroscience, however, some of the problems of concern to earlier thinkers, such as imitation, have revived because of the discovery of neuronal mechanisms, or through fMRI studies. The article reviews the history and discusses the implications of current work for the reconsideration of traditional social theory concepts. It is suggested that certain kinds of bridging work with neuroscience would enable us to answer many questions in social theory that empirical sociology has failed to answer.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2408ecf9265b7e9b1068d1a08c7af832a/djaindjain2011-11-17T21:57:50+01:00Bayesian cognition <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Hoyer">Patrik O. Hoyer</a>, <a href="/author/Hyvärinen">Aapo Hyvärinen</a>, and <a href="/author/Arinen">Aapo H. Arinen</a> </span><em>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, </em><em> 15, </em>(<em>2002</em>)Thu Nov 17 21:57:50 CET 2011Advances in Neural Information Processing SystemsInterpreting Neural Response Variability as Monte Carlo Sampling of the Posterior152002Bayesian cognition The responses of cortical sensory neurons are notoriously variable, with the number of spikes evoked by identical stimuli varying significantly from trial to trial. This variability is most often interpreted as `noise\&\#039;, purely detrimental to the sensory system. In this paper, we propose an alternative view in which the variability is related to the uncertainty, about world parameters, which is inherent in the sensory stimulus. Specifically, the responses of a population of neurons are interpreted as stochastic samples from the posterior distribution in a latent variable model. In addition to giving theoretical arguments supporting such a representational scheme, we provide simulations suggesting how some aspects of response variability might be understood in this framework.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2d41d40c207a70bb5fc7cb70096c80d40/yishyish2011-10-16T10:40:03+02:00cognition intelligence psychology skills social spatial <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Herrmann">Esther Herrmann</a>, <a href="/author/Call">Josep Call</a>, <a href="/author/Hernández-Lloreda">María Victoria Hernández-Lloreda</a>, <a href="/author/Hare">Brian Hare</a>, and <a href="/author/Tomasello">Michael Tomasello</a> </span><em>science</em> <em>317(5843):1360</em> (<em>2007</em>)Sun Oct 16 10:40:03 CEST 2011science58431360Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis3172007cognition intelligence psychology skills social spatial Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a species-specific set of socialcognitive skills, emerging early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large numbers of two of humans’ closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the hypothesis that humans simply have more “general intelligence,” we found that the children and chimpanzees had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the physical world but that the children had more sophisticated cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing with the social world.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29cc4838c2f8e20651e43b449f60ba35c/oeoeoeoe2011-10-11T10:24:37+02:00cognition communication information-society internet technology <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Bjärvall">Katarina Bjärvall</a> </span>(<em>Oct 11, 2011</em>)Tue Oct 11 10:24:37 CEST 2011Dagens NyheterOctoberDen digitala tekniken kan hämma empatin2011cognition communication information-society internet technology 11En artikel som använder begrepp som "digital" och "internet" väldigt svepande. En debatt om dagens sociotekniska frågor förtjänar fördjupande resonemang, inte förenklande sådana!http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21e1c290528408361fe45d6fb6842adaf/mstrohmmstrohm2011-08-17T23:13:30+02:00MUSTREAD categorization classification cognition folksonomies <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Medin">D.L. Medin</a>, <a href="/author/Lynch">E.B. Lynch</a>, <a href="/author/Coley">J.D. Coley</a>, <a href="/author/Atran">S. Atran</a>, and <a href="/author/others"> others</a> </span><em>Cognitive Psychology</em> (<em>1997</em>)Wed Aug 17 23:13:30 CEST 2011Cognitive Psychology49--96Categorization and reasoning among tree experts: Do all roads lead to Rome?321997MUSTREAD categorization classification cognition folksonomies recommended by P. Pirolli http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/276dd3e95539d53ff6488c2d00773be66/crc_chuscrc_chus2011-08-03T20:43:11+02:00Adult Afferent_Pathways Analgesia Central_Nervous_System Cognition Electric_Stimulation Evoked_Potentials Female Humans Hyperalgesia Hypothermia Induced Male Neural_Inhibition Nociceptors Pain Perception Placebo_Effect Somatosensory Sural_Nerve <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Goffaux">Philippe Goffaux</a>, <a href="/author/Redmond">William John Redmond</a>, <a href="/author/Rainville">Pierre Rainville</a>, and <a href="/author/Marchand">Serge Marchand</a> </span><em>Pain</em> <em>130(1-2):137--143</em> (<em>July 2007</em>)<em>PMID: 17215080 . </em>Wed Aug 03 20:43:11 CEST 2011Painjul{PMID:} 172150801-2137--143Descending analgesia--when the spine echoes what the brain expects1302007Adult Afferent_Pathways Analgesia Central_Nervous_System Cognition Electric_Stimulation Evoked_Potentials Female Humans Hyperalgesia Hypothermia Induced Male Neural_Inhibition Nociceptors Pain Perception Placebo_Effect Somatosensory Sural_Nerve Changes in pain produced by psychological factors (e.g., placebo analgesia) are thought to result from the activity of specific cortical regions. However, subcortical nuclei, including the periaqueductal gray and the rostroventral medulla, also show selective activation when subjects expect pain relief. These brainstem regions send inhibitory projections to the spine and produce diffuse analgesic responses. Regrettably the precise contribution of spinal mechanisms in predicting the strength of placebo analgesia is unknown. Here, we show that expectations regarding pain radically change the strength of spinal nociceptive responses in humans. We found that contrary to expectations of analgesia, expectations of hyperalgesia completely blocked the analgesic effects of descending inhibition on spinal nociceptive reflexes. Somatosensory-evoked brain potentials and pain ratings further confirmed changes in spino-thalamo-cortical responses consistent with expectations and with changes in the spinal response. These findings provide direct evidence that the modulation of pain by expectations is mediated by endogenous pain modulatory systems affecting nociceptive signal processing at the earliest stage of the central nervous system. Expectation effects, therefore, depend as much about what takes place in the spine as they do about what takes place in the brain. Furthermore, complete suppression of the analgesic response normally produced by descending inhibition suggests that anti-analgesic expectations can block the efficacy of pharmacologically valid treatments which has important implications for clinical practice.