BibSonomyburst/tag/clinicalBibSonomy RSS feed for /tag/clinical2012-02-15T07:33:11+01:00http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/265bea480c5dbba6a48c313e6135726e5/griesbaugriesbau2011-12-08T12:58:47+01:002.0 Bisibs Clinical Information Junior Medical Physicians User-generated Web content eHealth education seeking <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Hughes">Benjamin Hughes</a>, <a href="/author/Joshi">Indra Joshi</a>, <a href="/author/Lemonde">Hugh Lemonde</a>, and <a href="/author/Wareham">Jonathan Wareham</a> </span><em>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS</em> <em>78(10):645-655</em> (<em>October 2009</em>)Thu Dec 08 12:58:47 CET 2011ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS}oct10645-655Junior physician's use of Web 2.0 for information seeking and medical education: A qualitative study{Article}78{2009}2.0 Bisibs Clinical Information Junior Medical Physicians User-generated Web content eHealth education seeking Background: Web 2.0 internet tools and methods have attracted considerable attention as a means to improve health care delivery. Despite evidence demonstrating their use by medical professionals, there is no detailed research describing how Web 2.0 influences physicians' daily clinical practice. Hence this study examines Web 2.0 use by 35 junior physicians in clinical settings to further understand their impact on medical practice. Method: Diaries and interviews encompassing 177 days of internet use or 444 search incidents, analyzed via thematic analysis. Results: Results indicate that 53\% of internet visits employed user-generated or Web 2.0 content, with Google and Wikipedia used by 80\% and 70\% of physicians, respectively. Despite awareness of information credibility risks with Web 2.0 content, it has a role in information seeking for both clinical decisions and medical education. This is enabled by the ability to cross check information and the diverse needs for background and non-verified information. Conclusion: Web 2.0 use represents a profound departure from previous learning and decision processes which were normally controlled by senior medical staff or medical schools. There is widespread concern with the risk of poor quality information with Web 2.0 use, and the manner in which physicians are using it suggest effective use derives from the mitigating actions by the individual physician. Three alternative policy options are identified to manage this risk and improve efficiency in Web 2.0's use. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/25c6b0c81596ab4e33336d2b42cbe9a52/griesbaugriesbau2011-09-21T18:35:59+02:002.0 Clinical Information Internet Junior Medical Physicians User-generated Web content dipf eHealth education seeking <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Hughes">Benjamin Hughes</a>, <a href="/author/Joshi">Indra Joshi</a>, <a href="/author/Lemonde">Hugh Lemonde</a>, and <a href="/author/Wareham">Jonathan Wareham</a> </span><em>International Journal of Medical Informatics</em> <em>78(10):645-655</em> (<em>2009</em>)Wed Sep 21 18:35:59 CEST 2011International Journal of Medical Informatics10645-655Junior physician's use of Web 2.0 for information seeking and medical education: A qualitative study78{2009}2.0 Clinical Information Internet Junior Medical Physicians User-generated Web content dipf eHealth education seeking {Background: Web 2.0 internet tools and methods have attracted considerable attention as a means to improve health care delivery. Despite evidence demonstrating their use by medical professionals, there is no detailed research describing how Web 2.0 influences physicians' daily clinical practice. Hence this study examines Web 2.0 use by 35 junior physicians in clinical settings to further understand their impact on medical practice. Method: Diaries and interviews encompassing 177 days of internet use or 444 search incidents, analyzed via thematic analysis. Results: Results indicate that 53\% of internet visits employed user-generated or Web 2.0 content, with Google and Wikipedia used by 80\% and 70\% of physicians, respectively. Despite awareness of information credibility risks with Web 2.0 content, it has a role in information seeking for both clinical decisions and medical education. This is enabled by the ability to cross check information and the diverse needs for background and non-verified information. Conclusion: Web 2.0 use represents a profound departure from previous learning and decision processes which were normally controlled by senior medical staff or medical schools. There is widespread concern with the risk of poor quality information with Web 2.0 use, and the manner in which physicians are using it suggest effective use derives from the mitigating actions by the individual physician. Three alternative policy options are identified to manage this risk and improve efficiency in Web 2.0's use. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2bbffc7594df62e71e2dbd7c84a4e3945/vivionvivion2011-05-28T23:25:59+02:00clinical expression gene high-dimensional high-dimensional-data <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/van &#039;t Veer">Laura J. van &#039;t Veer</a>, <a href="/author/Dai">Hongyue Dai</a>, <a href="/author/van de Vijver">Marc J. van de Vijver</a>, <a href="/author/He">Yudong D. He</a>, <a href="/author/Hart">Augustinus A. M. Hart</a>, <a href="/author/Mao">Mao Mao</a>, <a href="/author/Peterse">Hans L. Peterse</a>, <a href="/author/van der Kooy">Karin van der Kooy</a>, <a href="/author/Marton">Matthew J. Marton</a>, <a href="/author/Witteveen">Anke T. Witteveen</a>, <a href="/author/Schreiber">George J. Schreiber</a>, <a href="/author/Kerkhoven">Ron M. Kerkhoven</a>, <a href="/author/Roberts">Chris Roberts</a>, <a href="/author/Linsley">Peter S. Linsley</a>, <a href="/author/Bernards">Rene Bernards</a>, and <a href="/author/Friend">Stephen H. Friend</a> </span><em>Nature</em> <em>415(6871):530--536</em> (<em>January 2002</em>)Sat May 28 23:25:59 CEST 2011Naturejan6871530--536Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer4152002clinical expression gene high-dimensional high-dimensional-data Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer : Article : Naturehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/20969d8a01bcb81036556b44f2c7f1099/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00A, Africa, Clinical Conjugate Controlled Humans, Meningitis, Meningococcal Meningococcal, Neisseria Seasons, Serogroup Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/LaForce">F Marc LaForce</a>, <a href="/author/Ravenscroft">Neil Ravenscroft</a>, <a href="/author/Djingarey">Mamoudou Djingarey</a>, and <a href="/author/Viviani">Simonetta Viviani</a> </span><em>Vaccine</em> (<em>June 2009</em>)<em>PMID: 19477559 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Vaccinejun{PMID:} 19477559B13--19Epidemic meningitis due to Group A Neisseria meningitidis in the African meningitis belt: a persistent problem with an imminent solution27 Suppl 22009A, Africa, Clinical Conjugate Controlled Humans, Meningitis, Meningococcal Meningococcal, Neisseria Seasons, Serogroup Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, Epidemic meningitis in Africa remains an important and unresolved public health problem. Bacteriologic and epidemiologic data collected over the past 30 years have consistently established the importance of Group A Neisseria meningitidis as the dominant etiologic agent. The meningococcal Group A capsule is the major virulence factor; it is a polysaccharide comprised of a repeating unit of partly O-acetylated alpha-1,6-linked N-acetylmannosamine phosphate. Meningitis epidemics occur annually during the dry season {(January} to May) and stop with the first rains. Until now, control of these meningitis epidemics has relied on a reactive vaccination strategy with polysaccharide vaccines that is logistically complicated and has not put an end to recurrent epidemics. A meningococcal A conjugate vaccine {(MenAfriVac)} has been developed and tested in Phase {II} clinical trials in Africa. The vaccine has been shown to be safe and to generate a sustained immunologic response with functional antibody 20 times higher than that seen with polysaccharide vaccine. Widespread use of such a vaccine is likely to generate herd immunity and to put an end to Group A meningococcal epidemics.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a047c9c253aa1240c1c2808ff6e62bca/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Bacterial Bacterial, Carrier Clinical Humans, Membrane Meningitis, Meningococcal, Neisseria Outer Polysaccharides, Proteins, Serotyping Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Frasch">C E Frasch</a> </span><em>Clinical Microbiology Reviews</em> (<em>April 1989</em>)<em>PMID: 2497956 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Clinical Microbiology Reviewsapr{PMID:} 2497956S134--138Vaccines for prevention of meningococcal disease2 Suppl1989Bacterial Bacterial, Carrier Clinical Humans, Membrane Meningitis, Meningococcal, Neisseria Outer Polysaccharides, Proteins, Serotyping Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21aacb5d1a24aefe329a80312a7478006/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Agents, America, Bacterial, Child, Clinical Dexamethasone, Diseases, Factors, Glycerol, Hearing Humans, Immunologic Infant, Latin Loss, Meningitis, Nervous Outcome Preschool, System Topic, Treatment Trials as {Anti-Bacterial} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Peltola">Heikki Peltola</a>, and <a href="/author/Roine">Irmeli Roine</a> </span><em>Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases</em> <em>22(3):250--255</em> (<em>June 2009</em>)<em>PMID: 19369866 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Current Opinion in Infectious Diseasesjun{PMID:} 193698663250--255Improving the outcomes in children with bacterial meningitis222009Agents, America, Bacterial, Child, Clinical Dexamethasone, Diseases, Factors, Glycerol, Hearing Humans, Immunologic Infant, Latin Loss, Meningitis, Nervous Outcome Preschool, System Topic, Treatment Trials as {Anti-Bacterial} {PURPOSE} {OF} {REVIEW:} Intravenous dexamethasone {(DXM)} is used as adjuvant medication in bacterial meningitis of childhood, although no single study has proven its efficacy against death, severe neurological sequelae, or hearing impairment. Meta-analyses do not facilitate interpretation, because they combine profoundly dissimilar populations and neglect the child's presenting condition. Important new information was revealed by a large double-blind, prospective study from Latin America in which the effects of oral glycerol {(GLY)} were compared with those of {DXM.} {RECENT} {FINDINGS:} Of 654 children, mainly with Haemophilus influenzae type b or pneumococcal meningitis, 166 received {DXM,} 159 {DXM} and {GLY,} 166 {GLY,} and 163 placebo. Neither of the adjuvants prevented hearing impairment, regardless of agent or timing of antibiotic. Instead of the causative agent, the presenting status was the only characteristic that associated with all three outcomes. {GLY,} but not {DXM,} prevented neurological sequelae, especially in Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. The likely mechanism of {GLY} is the increase in plasma osmolality. Cerebrospinal fluid genome counts differ enormously and predict death in pneumococcal but not Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. {SUMMARY:} Being the first adjuvant in childhood meningitis with documented clinically meaningful benefits, {GLY} seriously challenges the position of {DXM} as adjuvant medication. Severe neurological sequelae are relieved by {GLY,} whereas no current medication prevents hearing impairment.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2249c95bd8e05adcac710e047be1a8ea5/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Adolescent, Adult, Africa Carrier Child, Clinical Communicable Disease Diseases, Emerging, Humans, Infant, Meningitis, Meningococcal Meningococcal, Neisseria Outbreaks, Preschool, Sahara, Seroepidemiologic Serogroup Serotyping, South State, Studies, Topic, Trials Vaccination Vaccines, W-135, as meningitidis, of the <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Mueller">Judith E Mueller</a>, <a href="/author/Borrow">Raymond Borrow</a>, and <a href="/author/Gessner">Bradford D Gessner</a> </span><em>Expert Review of Vaccines</em> <em>5(3):319--36</em> (<em>June 2006</em>)<em>PMID: 16827617 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Expert Review of Vaccinesjun{PMID:} 168276173319--36Meningococcal serogroup W135 in the African meningitis belt: epidemiology, immunity and vaccines52006Adolescent, Adult, Africa Carrier Child, Clinical Communicable Disease Diseases, Emerging, Humans, Infant, Meningitis, Meningococcal Meningococcal, Neisseria Outbreaks, Preschool, Sahara, Seroepidemiologic Serogroup Serotyping, South State, Studies, Topic, Trials Vaccination Vaccines, W-135, as meningitidis, of the In the {sub-Saharan} African meningitis belt there is a region of hyperendemic and epidemic meningitis stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia. The public health approaches to meningitis epidemics, including those related to vaccine use, have assumed that Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A will cause the most disease. During 2001 and 2002, the first large-scale epidemics of serogroup W135 meningitis in {sub-Saharan} Africa were reported from Burkina Faso. The occurrence of N. meningitidis W135 epidemics has led to a host of new issues, including the need for improved laboratory diagnostics for identifying serogroups during epidemics, an affordable supply of serogroup W135-containing polysaccharide vaccine for epidemic control where needed, and re-evaluating the long-term strategy of developing a monovalent A conjugate vaccine for the region. This review summarizes the existing data on N. meningitidis W135 epidemiology, immunology and vaccines as they relate to meningitis in {sub-Saharan} Africa.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2306ba54c8a35a1f9827071d572dba2b3/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Agents, Bacterial Bacterial, Clinical Cross Drug Humans, Infection, Infections, Inpatients, Outcome Patterns, Physician&#039;s Practice Resistance, Topic, Treatment Trials as {Anti-Bacterial} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Davey">Peter Davey</a>, <a href="/author/Brown">Erwin Brown</a>, <a href="/author/Fenelon">Lynda Fenelon</a>, <a href="/author/Finch">Roger Finch</a>, <a href="/author/Gould">Ian Gould</a>, <a href="/author/Holmes">Alison Holmes</a>, <a href="/author/Ramsay">Craig Ramsay</a>, <a href="/author/Taylor">Eric Taylor</a>, <a href="/author/Wiffen">Phil Wiffen</a>, and <a href="/author/Wilcox">Mark Wilcox</a> </span><em>Emerging Infectious Diseases</em> <em>12(2):211--216</em> (<em>February 2006</em>)<em>PMID: 16494744 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Emerging Infectious Diseasesfeb{PMID:} 164947442211--216Systematic review of antimicrobial drug prescribing in hospitals122006Agents, Bacterial Bacterial, Clinical Cross Drug Humans, Infection, Infections, Inpatients, Outcome Patterns, Physician's Practice Resistance, Topic, Treatment Trials as {Anti-Bacterial} Prudent prescribing of antimicrobial drugs to hospital inpatients may reduce incidences of antimicrobial drug resistance and healthcare-associated infection. We reviewed the literature from January 1980 to November 2003 to identify rigorous evaluations of interventions to improve hospital prescribing of antimicrobial drugs. We identified 66 studies with interpretable data, of which 16 reported 20 microbiologic outcomes: gram-negative resistant bacteria, 10 studies; Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, 5 studies; vancomycin-resistant enterococci, 3 studies; and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2 studies. Four studies provided strong evidence that the intervention changed microbial outcomes with low risk for alternative explanations, 8 studies provided less convincing evidence, and 4 studies provided no evidence. The strongest and most consistent evidence was for C. difficile-associated diarrhea, but we were able to analyze only the immediate impact of interventions because of nonstandardized durations of follow-up. The ability to compare results of studies could be substantially improved by standardizing methods and reporting.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21fdc4897bf1b9684af226b0dc8b7ee74/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Clinical Epiglottis, Female, Haemophilus Haemophilus, Humans, Infant, Infections, Laryngitis, Meningitis, Method, Microbial Oropharynx, Placebos, Pregnancy, Rifampin Sensitivity Tests, Topic, Trials as influenzae, {Double-Blind} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Daum">R S Daum</a>, <a href="/author/Glode">M P Glode</a>, <a href="/author/Goldmann">D A Goldmann</a>, <a href="/author/Halsey">N Halsey</a>, <a href="/author/Ambrosino">D Ambrosino</a>, <a href="/author/Welborn">C Welborn</a>, <a href="/author/Mather">F J Mather</a>, <a href="/author/Willard">J E Willard</a>, <a href="/author/Sullivan">B Sullivan</a>, <a href="/author/Murray">M Murray</a>, and <a href="/author/Johansen">T Johansen</a> </span><em>The Journal of Pediatrics</em> <em>98(3):485--91</em> (<em>March 1981</em>)<em>PMID: 7009819 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011The Journal of Pediatricsmar{PMID:} 70098193485--91Rifampin chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of patients with invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b981981Clinical Epiglottis, Female, Haemophilus Haemophilus, Humans, Infant, Infections, Laryngitis, Meningitis, Method, Microbial Oropharynx, Placebos, Pregnancy, Rifampin Sensitivity Tests, Topic, Trials as influenzae, {Double-Blind} To determine the efficacy of rifampin chemoprophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b, we conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among household contacts of patients hospitalized for invasive {HIB} infection. Seventy-nine index patients and 400 close contacts were studied; 26.5\% of contacts were colonized. The efficacy of rifampin (10 mg/kg/dose, 600 mg/dose maximum, twice daily for two days) in eradicating carriage was 52\% and varied with age (75.6\% in persons greater than or equal to 5 and 27\% in those less than 5 years). Eradication rates in those less than 5 years were not significantly better than for placebo. No resistant isolates were encountered in sensitivity testing. The low efficacy of this rifampin regimen in young children precludes its routine use as a chemoprophylactic agent for family contacts. The occurrence of three cases of invasive {HIB} infection in individuals outside the defined contact group raises concern regarding the efficacy of any chemoprophylactic regimen.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/200aebbfd405cba5a310310fadd9e7e30/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Carriage, Clinical Diagnostics, Economics, Infection, Prevention studies, {MRSA,} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Harbarth">Stephan Harbarth</a>, <a href="/author/Hawkey">Peter M. Hawkey</a>, <a href="/author/Tenover">Fred Tenover</a>, <a href="/author/Stefani">Stefania Stefani</a>, <a href="/author/Pantosti">Annalisa Pantosti</a>, and <a href="/author/Struelens">Marc J. Struelens</a> </span><em>International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents</em> (<em>2010</em>)Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011International Journal of Antimicrobial AgentsUpdate on screening and clinical diagnosis of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus {(MRSA)}In Press, Corrected Proof2010Carriage, Clinical Diagnostics, Economics, Infection, Prevention studies, {MRSA,} Based on the failure of conventional control strategies, some experts and public health officials have promoted active screening to detect asymptomatic carriers of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus {(MRSA)} as an effective prevention strategy. Data regarding the (cost-) effectiveness of {MRSA} screening have recently grown and have produced mixed results. Several clinical studies have not only provided conflicting findings but have also raised numerous issues about the appropriate populations for universal versus targeted screening, screening method(s) and intervention(s). It must also be emphasised that screening alone is not effective. Results should be followed by appropriate interventions to reduce the risk of {MRSA} transmission and infection. We believe a reasonable approach in most European hospitals with an {MRSA} on-admission prevalence of {\textless}5\% is to use targeted rather than universal screening (predominantly with chromogenic media, except for high-risk units and critically ill patients for whom molecular tests could be cost effective), after carefully considering the local {MRSA} epidemiology, infection control practices and vulnerability of the patient population. This strategy is likely to be cost effective if linked to prompt institution of control measures.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/28e17293b9cd030663b9fe56dbe8447a0/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:0080 Adult, Age Aged, Allocation, Aspirin, Cardiovascular Cerebrovascular Cholesterol, Clinical Diseases, Disorders, Factors, Humans, Infarction, Method, Middle Myocardial Peptic Physicians, Random Risk, States Studies, Topic, Trials Ulcer, United and as over, {Double-Blind} {Follow-Up} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Group">Physicians&#039; Health Study Research Group</a> </span><em>The New England Journal of Medicine</em> <em>321(3):129--135</em> (<em>July 1989</em>)<em>PMID: 2664509 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011The New England Journal of Medicinejul{PMID:} 26645093129--135Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study. Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group321198980 Adult, Age Aged, Allocation, Aspirin, Cardiovascular Cerebrovascular Cholesterol, Clinical Diseases, Disorders, Factors, Humans, Infarction, Method, Middle Myocardial Peptic Physicians, Random Risk, States Studies, Topic, Trials Ulcer, United and as over, {Double-Blind} {Follow-Up} The Physicians' Health Study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to determine whether low-dose aspirin (325 mg every other day) decreases cardiovascular mortality and whether beta carotene reduces the incidence of cancer. The aspirin component was terminated earlier than scheduled, and the preliminary findings were published. We now present detailed analyses of the cardiovascular component for 22,071 participants, at an average follow-up time of 60.2 months. There was a 44 percent reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk, 0.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.45 to 0.70; P less than 0.00001) in the aspirin group (254.8 per 100,000 per year as compared with 439.7 in the placebo group). A slightly increased risk of stroke among those taking aspirin was not statistically significant; this trend was observed primarily in the subgroup with hemorrhagic stroke (relative risk, 2.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.96 to 4.77; P = 0.06). No reduction in mortality from all cardiovascular causes was associated with aspirin (relative risk, 0.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.60 to 1.54). Further analyses showed that the reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction was apparent only among those who were 50 years of age and older. The benefit was present at all levels of cholesterol, but appeared greatest at low levels. The relative risk of ulcer in the aspirin group was 1.22 (169 in the aspirin group as compared with 138 in the placebo group; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.98 to 1.53; P = 0.08), and the relative risk of requiring a blood transfusion was 1.71. This trial of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease demonstrates a conclusive reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction, but the evidence concerning stroke and total cardiovascular deaths remains inconclusive because of the inadequate numbers of physicians with these end points.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2394e38d92098e6b6d3d80fbe1663ce8a/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Acids, Clinical Complications, Depression, Dietary Factors, Fatty Female, Humans, Omega-3, Outcome Pregnancy Pregnancy, Supplements, Time Topic, Treatment Trials as <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Borja-Hart">Nancy L Borja-Hart</a>, and <a href="/author/Marino">Jehan Marino</a> </span><em>Pharmacotherapy</em> <em>30(2):210--216</em> (<em>February 2010</em>)<em>PMID: 20099994 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Pharmacotherapyfeb{PMID:} 200999942210--216Role of omega-3 Fatty acids for prevention or treatment of perinatal depression302010Acids, Clinical Complications, Depression, Dietary Factors, Fatty Female, Humans, Omega-3, Outcome Pregnancy Pregnancy, Supplements, Time Topic, Treatment Trials as Perinatal depression is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest during pregnancy or after childbirth. Women with perinatal depression may not receive proper medical treatment because of concerns over teratogenic effects related to drug therapy. Evidence suggests that low levels of omega-3 fatty acids are correlated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy and after delivery. Omega-3 fatty acids may produce antidepressant effects due to their role in serotonin functioning. A literature search identified seven clinical trials of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention or treatment of perinatal depression. Depression rating scale scores used in the studies improved, but results were statistically significant in only three trials. Four studies were randomized and placebo controlled, and three were open label. One study evaluating the prevention of postpartum depression in women with a history of depression was discontinued early due to relapse of depressive symptoms. In the trials we evaluated, the most common adverse effects were foul breath and/or unpleasant taste, and gastrointestinal complaints; no serious adverse events were reported. The seven studies were limited by small sample sizes and variable dosing and study durations. In the studies that demonstrated statistical significance, improvement in depression rating scale scores for omega-3 fatty acids was comparable to placebo. Overall, results have been inconclusive, but further investigation of omega-3 fatty acids is warranted because they did improve depression scores and appeared to be safe during pregnancy.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/227aef140d0b2942095f6ee27c2e827d2/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Activity, Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Antibody Antigens, Bacterial, Bactericidal Blood Body Chromatography, Clinical Fever, Fluorescent Formation, Gel, Growth, Guinea Haplorhini, Hemagglutination Hominidae, Humans, Immunodiffusion, Immunoglobulin M, Mice, Molecular Neisseria Pigs, Polysaccharides, Rabbits Technique, Tests, Topic, Trials Weight, as meningitidis, <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Gotschlich">E C Gotschlich</a>, <a href="/author/Goldschneider">I Goldschneider</a>, and <a href="/author/Artenstein">M S Artenstein</a> </span><em>The Journal of Experimental Medicine</em> <em>129(6):1367--1384</em> (<em>June 1969</em>)<em>PMID: 4977283 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011The Journal of Experimental Medicinejun{PMID:} 497728361367--1384Human immunity to the meningococcus. {IV.} Immunogenicity of group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharides in human volunteers1291969Activity, Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Antibody Antigens, Bacterial, Bactericidal Blood Body Chromatography, Clinical Fever, Fluorescent Formation, Gel, Growth, Guinea Haplorhini, Hemagglutination Hominidae, Humans, Immunodiffusion, Immunoglobulin M, Mice, Molecular Neisseria Pigs, Polysaccharides, Rabbits Technique, Tests, Topic, Trials Weight, as meningitidis, http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/24ecfc332c2ebbbb8769f7654d1cfd812/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Activity, Antibodies, B, Bacterial Bacterial, Bactericidal Blood Clinical Complement Control, Humans, Immunoassay, Neisseria Proteins, Quality Reproducibility Results Serogroup System Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, of <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Martin"> Martin</a>, <a href="/author/McCallum">L McCallum</a>, <a href="/author/Glennie">A Glennie</a>, <a href="/author/Ruijne">N Ruijne</a>, <a href="/author/Blatchford">P Blatchford</a>, <a href="/author/O&#039;Hallahan">J O&#039;Hallahan</a>, and <a href="/author/Oster">P Oster</a> </span><em>Vaccine</em> <em>23(17-18):2218--21</em> (<em>March 2005</em>)<em>PMID: 15755599 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Vaccinemar{PMID:} 1575559917-182218--21Validation of the serum bactericidal assay for measurement of functional antibodies against group B meningococci associated with vaccine trials232005Activity, Antibodies, B, Bacterial Bacterial, Bactericidal Blood Clinical Complement Control, Humans, Immunoassay, Neisseria Proteins, Quality Reproducibility Results Serogroup System Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, of Provisional licensure of the trial vaccine, {MeNZB,} required demonstration of immune responses in vaccines, as measured by a validated Serum Bactericidal Assay {(SBA).} Reported are the investigations undertaken to define test parameters, lower limits of quantitation and measurement of {SBA} reproducibility. Results helped to formulate the operating procedure for the measurement of serum bactericidal antibodies during six age-group {MeNZB} vaccine trials. The lower limit of quantitation was determined as a titre of 4. A four-fold rise in antibody (sero-conversion) from a pre-vaccination titre of 2 ({\textless}4) required a minimum post-vaccination titre of 8, a more stringent measurement than has been used in other published studies.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2f2c0d504c065cb1692c126ec29d10ef9/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Aged, Analysis, Breast Cause Certificates, Clinical Death Death, Expectancy, Female, Humans, Life Lymphatic Metastasis, Middle Multicenter Neoplasms, Population Program, Registries, States Studies Surveillance, Survival Topic, Trials United as of {SEER} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Dignam">James J Dignam</a>, <a href="/author/Huang">Lan Huang</a>, <a href="/author/Ries">Lynn Ries</a>, <a href="/author/Reichman">Marsha Reichman</a>, <a href="/author/Mariotto">Angela Mariotto</a>, and <a href="/author/Feuer">Eric Feuer</a> </span><em>Cancer</em> <em>115(22):5272--5283</em> (<em>November 2009</em>)<em>PMID: 19670456 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Cancernov{PMID:} 19670456225272--5283Estimating breast cancer-specific and other-cause mortality in clinical trial and population-based cancer registry cohorts1152009Aged, Analysis, Breast Cause Certificates, Clinical Death Death, Expectancy, Female, Humans, Life Lymphatic Metastasis, Middle Multicenter Neoplasms, Population Program, Registries, States Studies Surveillance, Survival Topic, Trials United as of {SEER} {BACKGROUND:} To compute net cancer-specific survival rates using population data sources (eg, the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results {[SEER]} Program), 2 approaches primarily are used: relative survival (observed survival adjusted for life expectancy) and cause-specific survival based on death certificates. The authors of this report evaluated the performance of these estimates relative to a third approach based on detailed clinical follow-up history. {METHODS:} By using data from Cancer Cooperative Group clinical trials in breast cancer, the authors estimated 1) relative survival, 2) breast cancer-specific survival {(BCSS)} determined from death certificates, and 3) {BCSS} obtained by attributing cause according to clinical events after diagnosis, which, for this analysis was considered the benchmark "true" estimate. Noncancer life expectancy also was compared between trial participants, {SEER} registry patients, and the general population. {RESULTS:} Among trial patients, relative survival overestimated true {BCSS} in patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer; whereas, in patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer, the 2 estimates were similar. For higher risk patients (younger age, larger tumors), relative survival accurately estimated true {BCSS.} In lower risk patients, death certificate {BCSS} was more accurate than relative survival. Noncancer life expectancy was more favorable among trial participants than in the general population and among {SEER} patients. Tumor size at diagnosis, which is a potential surrogate for screening use, partially accounted for this difference. {CONCLUSIONS:} In the clinical trials, relative survival accurately estimated {BCSS} in patients who had higher risk disease despite more favorable other-cause mortality than the population at large. In patients with lower risk disease, the estimate using death certificate information was more accurate. For {SEER} data and other data sources where detailed postdiagnosis clinical history was unavailable, death certificate-based estimates of cause-specific survival may be a superior choice.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2977a20a4d5552fe4873b22dd9e3e39ad/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Adolescent, Age Care Carrier Centers, Child Child, Clinical Day Factors, Female, Haemophilus Humans, Infant, Infections, Male, Method, Preschool, Rifampin State, Topic, Trials as influenzae, {Double-Blind} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Band">J D Band</a>, <a href="/author/Fraser">D W Fraser</a>, and <a href="/author/Ajello">G Ajello</a> </span><em>JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association</em> <em>251(18):2381--6</em> (<em>May 1984</em>)<em>PMID: 6368889 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011{JAMA:} The Journal of the American Medical Associationmay{PMID:} 6368889182381--6Prevention of Hemophilus influenzae type b disease2511984Adolescent, Age Care Carrier Centers, Child Child, Clinical Day Factors, Female, Haemophilus Humans, Infant, Infections, Male, Method, Preschool, Rifampin State, Topic, Trials as influenzae, {Double-Blind} To determine the efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of Hemophilus influenzae type b and prevention of secondary H influenzae type b disease, we conducted a multicenter placebo-controlled trial among selected persons with invasive H influenzae type b disease. Households and day-care classrooms were randomized so that their members received either rifampin (initially at a dose of 10 mg/kg/dose for two to four days [rifampin-10], but subsequently at 20 mg/kg/dose for four days [rifampin-20]) or placebo. Pretherapy H influenzae type b colonization rates were similar in the treatment groups. Therapy with either rifampin regimen significantly reduced carriage (rifampin-20, 97\%; rifampin-10, 63\%; placebo, 28\%). New acquisition of carriage was also significantly reduced by either rifampin regimen (rifampin-20 or rifampin-10, 2\% v placebo, 6\%). No rifampin-resistant H influenzae type b isolates emerged after treatment. Four of 765 placebo-treated contacts experienced secondary disease in contrast to zero of 1,112 rifampin-treated contacts. Because chemoprophylaxis of close contacts with rifampin seems to reduce significantly the risk of secondary H influenzae type b disease, we recommend the administration of prophylaxis in households or day-care classrooms where children younger than 4 years have been exposed to the disease.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2bae19fbbae793a598357401636388cc8/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Adult, Antibodies, B, Bacterial Bacterial, Child, Clinical Drug Evaluation, Experimentation, Human Humans, Immunization Infant, Infections, Membrane Meningococcal Neisseria Outer Preschool, Proteins, Safety Schedule, Serogroup Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Nøkleby"> Nøkleby</a>, <a href="/author/Aavitsland">P Aavitsland</a>, <a href="/author/O&#039;Hallahan">J O&#039;Hallahan</a>, <a href="/author/Feiring">B Feiring</a>, <a href="/author/Tilman">S Tilman</a>, and <a href="/author/Oster">P Oster</a> </span><em>Vaccine</em> <em>25(16):3080--3084</em> (<em>April 2007</em>)<em>PMID: 17287053 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Vaccineapr{PMID:} 17287053163080--3084Safety review: two outer membrane vesicle {(OMV)} vaccines against systemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B disease252007Adult, Antibodies, B, Bacterial Bacterial, Child, Clinical Drug Evaluation, Experimentation, Human Humans, Immunization Infant, Infections, Membrane Meningococcal Neisseria Outer Preschool, Proteins, Safety Schedule, Serogroup Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, {MenBvac} is an {OMV} vaccine against systemic serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis disease. {MenBvac} was developed for control of a {B:15:P1.7,16} subtype epidemic in Norway and administered to 180,000 subjects in 28 clinical studies. {MeNZB,} a daughter vaccine of {MenBvac,} was developed for a clonal {B:4:P1.7b,4} epidemic in New Zealand and administered to 1 million people {\textless}20 years. The vaccines were similar regarding reactogenicity profile. Serious adverse events {(SAEs)} in general and particularly neurologic {SAEs} were very rare. Despite frequently reported local reactions and fever in those under 5 years, these {OMV-based} vaccines containing 25 microg antigen can be considered safe for use in all age groups.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c067ebf44becbd1709b5ce66690d3c65/jeliasjelias2011-03-11T10:05:34+01:00Activity, Antibodies, B, Bacterial Bacterial, Bactericidal Blood C Cell Clinical Complement Humans, Immunity, Immunoassay, Infections, Innate, Membrane, Meningococcal Neisseria Proteins, Serogroup System Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Borrow">Ray Borrow</a>, <a href="/author/Balmer">Paul Balmer</a>, and <a href="/author/Miller">Elizabeth Miller</a> </span><em>Vaccine</em> <em>23(17-18):2222--2227</em> (<em>March 2005</em>)<em>PMID: 15755600 . </em>Fri Mar 11 10:05:34 CET 2011Vaccinemar{PMID:} 1575560017-182222--2227Meningococcal surrogates of protection--serum bactericidal antibody activity232005Activity, Antibodies, B, Bacterial Bacterial, Bactericidal Blood C Cell Clinical Complement Humans, Immunity, Immunoassay, Infections, Innate, Membrane, Meningococcal Neisseria Proteins, Serogroup System Topic, Trials Vaccines, as meningitidis, Despite the availability of anti-microbial agents effective against Neisseria meningitidis, meningococcal disease continues to be a major global health problem, particularly in the very young. Serogroup A meningococci cause large epidemics in {sub-Saharan} Africa, whilst serogroups B and C organisms are responsible for sporadic cases and localised outbreaks of disease world-wide. For measuring functional activity, the serum bactericidal antibody {(SBA)} assay is the most important method. It is mediated by antibody and complement resulting in lysis of the bacterial cells. To date the {SBA} has proved to be the best surrogate of protection for all serogroups. For serogroup C, an {SBA} titre of either {\textgreater}/ or =4 or {\textgreater} or =8 has being utilised for putatively indicating protection when using either human or baby rabbit complement, respectively. For serogroup B, the proportions of vaccines with {\textgreater} or =4-fold rises in {SBA} pre- to post-vaccination or {SBA} titres {\textgreater} or =4 have been correlated with clinical efficacy in trials of outer membrane vesicle {(OMV)} vaccines in Cuba, Brazil and Norway. {SBA} activity as a correlate of protection for evaluating the immune response to meningococcal vaccines is described in this review.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a14a184b9e5e9f8c3a4031e67c5ea20e/huiyangsfsuhuiyangsfsu2011-02-17T03:27:40+01:00CAT CAT-NER-ML-CRF bk-ngx cascading classifier clinical <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Wang">Yefeng Wang</a>, and <a href="/author/Patrick">Jon Patrick</a> </span><em>Workshop Biomedical Information Extraction, </em><em>page 42-49. </em>(<em>2009</em>)Thu Feb 17 03:27:40 CET 2011Workshop Biomedical Information Extraction42-49Cascading Classifiers for Named Entity Recognition in Clinical Notes2009CAT CAT-NER-ML-CRF bk-ngx cascading classifier clinical http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/25d5a003d62488e25c292a2cc69ca6c6b/ra1602ra16022010-09-17T16:55:15+02:00Briefing, Policy Rostock SBI Science bioinformatics, biology, cellular clinical complex diseases, dynamical encoding, gene, information, learning, machine macroscale medical modelling, molecular networks, nonlinear pattern phenomena, property, recognition, report spatio-temporal statistical subcellular systems theory, {SysBioMed} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Wolkenhauer">O. Wolkenhauer</a>, <a href="/author/Fell">D. Fell</a>, <a href="/author/Meyts">P. De Meyts</a>, <a href="/author/Bluthgen">N. Bluthgen</a>, <a href="/author/Herzel">H. Herzel</a>, <a href="/author/Novere">N. Le Novere</a>, <a href="/author/Hofer">T. Hofer</a>, <a href="/author/Schurrle">K. Schurrle</a>, and <a href="/author/van Leeuwen">I. van Leeuwen</a> </span><em>IET Systems Biology</em> <em>3(3):131--136</em> (<em>May 2009</em>)Fri Sep 17 16:55:15 CEST 2010{IET} Systems Biologymay3131--136{SysBioMed} report: Advancing systems biology for medical applications32009Briefing, Policy Rostock SBI Science bioinformatics, biology, cellular clinical complex diseases, dynamical encoding, gene, information, learning, machine macroscale medical modelling, molecular networks, nonlinear pattern phenomena, property, recognition, report spatio-temporal statistical subcellular systems theory, {SysBioMed}