http://www.bibsonomy.org/burst/tag/empiricalBibSonomy BuRST Feed for /tag/empirical2008-07-27T04:00:30+02:00Empirically Studying Software Practitioners — Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practicehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2538560e42ad439499431908d13f9bcdf/grongron2008-07-25T21:23:26+02:00empirical Thesis <span style="color:#555555;">Michael P. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/O&#039;Brien">O'Brien</a> and Jim <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Buckley">Buckley</a> and Chris <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Exton">Exton</a> </span><em>Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, </em><em>00, </em><em>page433-442. </em><em>Los Alamitos, CA, USA, </em><em>IEEE Computer Society, </em>(<em>2005</em>)Fri Jul 25 21:23:26 CEST 2008Los Alamitos, CA, USAProceedings of the 21st IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance433-442Empirically Studying Software Practitioners — Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice002005empirical Thesis SpringerLink - Journal Articlehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2e846680d25043dcbe72580caad7991ce/neilernstneilernst2008-07-13T02:14:03+02:00should-read visualization empirical <span style="color:#555555;">Jens <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Knodel">Knodel</a> and Dirk <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Muthig">Muthig</a> and Matthias <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Naab">Naab</a> </span><em>Empirical Software Engineering</em>(<em>2008</em>) <em>online only currently . </em>Sun Jul 13 02:14:03 CEST 2008Empirical Software Engineeringonline only currently--An experiment on the role of graphical elements in architecture visualization2008should-read visualization empirical Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;The evolution and maintenance of large-scale software systems requires first an understanding of its architecture before delving into lower-level details. Tools facilitating the architecture comprehension tasks by visualization provide different setsof configurable, graphical elements to present information to their users. We conducted a controlled experiment that exemplifiesthe critical role of such graphical elements when aiming at understanding the architecture. In our setting, a different configurationof graphical elements had significant influence on program comprehension tasks. In particular, a 63% gain in effectivenessin architectural analysis tasks was achieved simply by changing the configuration of the graphical elements of the same tool.Based on the results, we claim that significant effort should be spent on the configuration of architecture visualizationtools and that configurability should be a requirement for such tools.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29d3164405313c43c8eaf9d70ec92c491/pdeleenhpdeleenh2008-07-07T16:45:32+02:00studies open source, growth, evolution, empirical software <span style="color:#555555;">Giancarlo <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Succi">Succi</a> and James W. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Paulson">Paulson</a> and Armin <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Eberlein">Eberlein</a> </span><em>Proc. Int'l Workshop on Economics-Driven Software Engineering Research, </em><em>Toronto, Canada, </em><em>14--15May2001. </em>Mon Jul 07 16:45:32 CEST 2008Toronto, CanadaProc. Int'l Workshop on Economics-Driven Software Engineering Research14--15MayPreliminary Results from an Empirical Study on the Growth of Open Source and Commercial Software Products2001studies open source, growth, evolution, empirical software http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2861899e60b360da6a2fad6dcd36f2d99/neilernstneilernst2008-06-24T20:06:02+02:00empirical should-read uml <span style="color:#555555;">James <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Dzidek">Dzidek</a> and Erik <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Arisholm">Arisholm</a> and Lionel Claude <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Briand">Briand</a> </span><em>IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering</em><em>June2008. </em>Tue Jun 24 20:06:02 CEST 2008IEEE Transaction on Software EngineeringJuneA Realistic Empirical Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of UML in Software Maintenance2008empirical should-read uml The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the de facto standard for object-oriented software analysis and design modeling. However, few empirical studies exist that investigate the costs and evaluate the benefits of using UML in realistic contexts. Such studies are needed so that the software industry can make informed decisions regarding the extent to which they should adopt UML in their development practices. This is the first controlled experiment that investigates the costs of maintaining and the benefits of using UML documentation during the maintenance and evolution of a real, non-trivial system, using professional developers as subjects, working with a state-of-the-art UML tool during an extended period of time. The subjects in the control group had no UML documentation. In this experiment, the subjects in the UML group had on average a practically and statistically significant 54\% increase in the functional correctness of changes (p=0.03), an insignificant 7\% overall improvement in design quality (p=0.22) - though a much larger improvement was observed on the first change task (56\%) - at the expense of an insignificant 14\% increase in development time caused by the overhead of updating the UML documentation (p=0.35).SpringerLink - Buchkapitelhttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2eb35a3a44695f6a6557a4c73a0a2212a/grongron2008-06-23T16:11:50+02:00empirical <span style="color:#555555;">Andreas <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Höfer">H&#246;fer</a> and Walter <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Tichy">Tichy</a> </span><em>Empirical Software Engineering Issues. Critical Assessment and Future Directions</em>(<em>2007</em>)Mon Jun 23 16:11:50 CEST 2008Empirical Software Engineering Issues. Critical Assessment and Future Directions10--19Status of Empirical Research in Software Engineering2007empirical We provide an assessment of the status of empirical software research by analyzing all refereed articles that appeared in the Journal of Empirical Software Engineering from its first issue in January 1996 through June 2006. The journal publishesempirical software research exclusively and it is the only journal to do so. The main findings are: 1. The dominant empiricalmethods are experiments and case studies. Other methods (correlational studies, meta analysis, surveys, descriptive approaches,ex post facto studies) occur infrequently; long-term studies are missing. About a quarter of the experiments are replications.2. Professionals are used somewhat more frequently than students as subjects. 3. The dominant topics studied are measurement/metricsand tools/methods/frameworks. Metrics research is dominated by correlational and case studies without any experiments. 4.Important topics are underrepresented or absent, for example: programming languages, model driven development, formal methods,and others. The narrow focus on a few empirically researched topics is in contrast to the broad scope of software research.Thesishttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2bf134325bae238fa2f752c8c619c955e/grongron2008-06-19T17:55:16+02:00assessment programming coupling Thesis empirical aspect-oriented Metrics <span style="color:#555555;">Thiago T. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Bartolomei">Bartolomei</a> and Alessandro <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Garcia">Garcia</a> and Claudio <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Sant&#039;Anna">Sant'Anna</a> and Eduardo <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Figueiredo">Figueiredo</a> </span><em>SOQUA '06: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Software quality assurance, </em><em>page46--53. </em><em>New York, NY, USA, </em><em>ACM, </em>(<em>2006</em>)Thu Jun 19 17:55:16 CEST 2008New York, NY, USASOQUA '06: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Software quality assurance46--53Towards a unified coupling framework for measuring aspect-oriented programs2006assessment programming coupling Thesis empirical aspect-oriented Metrics http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2082607ddcc1ec30a768feef7d6b7255b/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00programming. algorithms, Systems, Classifier Study, Empirical Adaptation/Self-Adaptation, genetic Medicine <span style="color:#555555;">Stephan M. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Winkler">Winkler</a> and Michael <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Affenzeller">Affenzeller</a> and Stefan <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Wagner">Wagner</a> </span><em>MedGEC 2006 GECCO Workshop on Medical Applications of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, </em><em>Seattle, WA, USA, </em><em>8 July2006. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008Seattle, WA, USAMedGEC 2006 GECCO Workshop on Medical Applications of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation8 JulyUsing Enhanced Genetic Programming Techniques for Evolving Classifiers in the Context of Medical Diagnosis - An Empirical Study2006programming. algorithms, Systems, Classifier Study, Empirical Adaptation/Self-Adaptation, genetic Medicine There are several data based methods in the field of artificial intelligence which are nowadays frequently used for analysing classification problems in the context of medical applications. As we show in this paper, the application of enhanced evolutionary computation techniques to classification problems has the potential to evolve classifiers of even higher quality than those trained by standard machine learning methods. On the basis of three medical benchmark classification problems, namely the Wisconsin and the Thyroid data sets taken from the UCI repository as well as the Melanoma data set prepared by members of the Department of Dermatology of the Medical University Vienna, we document that the enhanced genetic programming based approach presented here is able to produce better results than linear modelling methods, artificial neural networks, kNN classification and also standard genetic programming approaches.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2250cd18d1a9526ca8376ffd20bfaa135/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00soil, programming, perceptron, Unconfined model, Cement algorithms, Soft ground, stabilisation, basis Empirical function, compressive Saline Multilayer strength Radial genetic <span style="color:#555555;">B. S. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Narendra">Narendra</a> and P. V. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Sivapullaiah">Sivapullaiah</a> and S. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Suresh">Suresh</a> and S. N. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Omkar">Omkar</a> </span><em>Computers and Geotechnics</em><em>33(3):196--208</em><em>April2006. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008Computers and GeotechnicsApril3196--208Prediction of unconfined compressive strength of soft grounds using computational intelligence techniques: {A} comparative study332006soil, programming, perceptron, Unconfined model, Cement algorithms, Soft ground, stabilisation, basis Empirical function, compressive Saline Multilayer strength Radial genetic Cement stabilisation is one of the commonly used techniques to improve the strength of soft ground/clays, generally found along coastal and low land areas. The strength development in cement stabilization technique depends on the soil properties, cement content, curing period and environmental conditions. For optimal and effective use of cement, there is a need to develop a mathematical model relating the gain in strength in terms of the variables responsible. The existing empirical model in the literature assumes linear variation of normalised strength with the logarithm of curing period and hence, different empirical models are required for different conditions of the same soil. Also, the accuracy of strength prediction is unsatisfactory. Due to unknown functional relationships and nonlinearity in strength development, in this paper the computational intelligence techniques such as multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF) and genetic programming (GP) are used to develop a mathematical model. To generate the mathematical model, an experimental study is conducted to obtain the strength of three inland soils namely, red earth (CL), brown earth (CH) and black cotton soil (CH) for different water contents, cement contents and curing periods. In order to generate a generic mathematical model using computational intelligence techniques, two saline soils (Ariake clay-3 and Ariake clay-4) and three inland soils are used. A detailed study of the relative performance of the computational intelligence techniques and the empirical model has been carried out.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2805e08991b67294c84b410cd1d51f57a/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00Study, programming, representation heuristics, empirical optimisation, genetic algorithms, <span style="color:#555555;">Moshe <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Looks">Looks</a> </span><em>GECCO '07: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, </em><em>2, </em><em>page1636--1642. </em><em>London, </em><em>ACM Press, </em><em>7-11 July2007. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008LondonGECCO '07: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation7-11 July1636--1642On the behavioral diversity of random programs22007Study, programming, representation heuristics, empirical optimisation, genetic algorithms, Generating a random sampling of program trees with specified function and terminal sets is the initial step of many program evolution systems. I present a theoretical and experimental analysis of the expected distribution of uniformly sampled programs, guided by algorithmic information theory. This analysis demonstrates that increasing the sample size is often an inefficient means of increasing the overall diversity of program behaviours (outputs). A novel sampling scheme (semantic sampling) is proposed that exploits semantics to heuristically increase behavioral diversity. An important property of the scheme is that no calls of the problem-specific fitness function are required. Its effectiveness at increasing behavioural diversity is demonstrated empirically for Boolean formulae. Furthermore, it is found to lead to statistically significant improvements in performance for genetic programming on parity and multiplexer problems.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2d11b00012bfd666c4f2918331b8a4db8/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00of Distribution Study, representation algorithms, empirical programming, heuristics, Estimation optimisation, Algorithms, genetic <span style="color:#555555;">Moshe <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Looks">Looks</a> </span><em>GECCO '07: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, </em><em>1, </em><em>page539--546. </em><em>London, </em><em>ACM Press, </em><em>7-11 July2007. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008LondonGECCO '07: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation7-11 July539--546Scalable estimation-of-distribution program evolution12007of Distribution Study, representation algorithms, empirical programming, heuristics, Estimation optimisation, Algorithms, genetic I present a new estimation-of-distribution approach to program evolution where distributions are not estimated over the entire space of programs. Rather, a novel representation-building procedure that exploits domain knowledge is used to dynamically select program subspaces for estimation over. This leads to a system of demes consisting of alternative representations (i.e. program subspaces) that are maintained simultaneously and managed by the overall system. Meta-optimising semantic evolutionary search (MOSES), a program evolution system based on this approach, is described, and its representation-building subcomponent is analysed in depth. Experimental results are also provided for the overall MOSES procedure that demonstrate good scalability.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/298b82d703f6ff6f1394a89b2ee72fec7/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00algorithms, Distribution empirical Algorithms, design, study, of Estimation representations programming, genetic Poster, <span style="color:#555555;">Moshe <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Looks">Looks</a> and Ben <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Goertzel">Goertzel</a> and Cassio <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Pennachin">Pennachin</a> </span><em>GECCO 2005: Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, </em><em>1, </em><em>page747--748. </em><em>Washington DC, USA, </em><em>ACM Press, </em><em>25-29 June2005. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008Washington DC, USA{GECCO 2005}: Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation25-29 June747--748Learning computer programs with the bayesian optimization algorithm12005algorithms, Distribution empirical Algorithms, design, study, of Estimation representations programming, genetic Poster, http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/23e6db93e7049cd83d20d06eeb9886ffc/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00Modeling, algorithms, programming, Empirical Regression, Networks Neural Vector ANN, Machines, SVM, Symbolic genetic Support <span style="color:#555555;">Mark <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Kotanchek">Kotanchek</a> and Guido <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Smits">Smits</a> and Arthur <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Kordon">Kordon</a> </span><em>Genetic Programming Theory and Practise, </em><em>chapter 15, </em><em>Kluwer, </em>(<em>2003</em>)Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008Genetic Programming Theory and Practise15239--256Industrial Strength Genetic Programming2003Modeling, algorithms, programming, Empirical Regression, Networks Neural Vector ANN, Machines, SVM, Symbolic genetic Support Since the mid-1990's, symbolic regression via genetic programming (GP) has become a core component of a multi-disciplinary approach to empirical modeling at Dow Chemical. Herein we review the role of symbolic regression within an integrated empirical modeling methodology, discuss symbolic regression system design issues, best practices and lessons learned from industrial application, and present future directions for research and applicationhttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2ec275a38f16f8bfe36c9a7945a2b893c/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00soft genetic programming, systems, applications, algorithms, world modeling real hybrid empirical sensors, intelligent, <span style="color:#555555;">Arthur K. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Kordon">Kordon</a> and Guido F. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Smits">Smits</a> </span><em>Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2001), </em><em>page1346--1351. </em><em>San Francisco, California, USA, </em><em>Morgan Kaufmann, </em><em>7-11 July2001. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008San Francisco, California, USAProceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2001)7-11 July1346--1351Soft Sensor Development Using Genetic Programming2001soft genetic programming, systems, applications, algorithms, world modeling real hybrid empirical sensors, intelligent, Dow Chemical Companyhttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/259f44e6d8a525fa9e18d0b5d66ba4148/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00empirical typing, genetic algorithms, symbolic regression, programming, hydraulics strong coercion equations, <span style="color:#555555;">Maarten <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Keijzer">Keijzer</a> and Vladan <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Babovic">Babovic</a> </span><em>Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines</em><em>3(1):41--79</em><em>March2002. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008Genetic Programming and Evolvable MachinesMarch141--79Declarative and Preferential Bias in {GP}-based Scientific Discovery32002empirical typing, genetic algorithms, symbolic regression, programming, hydraulics strong coercion equations, This work examines two methods for evolving dimensionally correct equations on the basis of data. It is demonstrated that the use of units of measurement aids in evolving equations that are amenable to interpretation by domain specialists. One method uses a strong typing approach that implements a declarative bias towards correct equations, the other method uses a coercion mechanism in order to implement a preferential bias towards the same objective. Four experiments using real-world, unsolved scientific problems were performed in order to examine the differences between the approaches and to judge the worth of the induction methods. Not only does the coercion approach perform significantly better on two out of the four problems when compared to the strongly typed approach, but it also regularizes the expressions it induces, resulting in a more reliable search process. A trade-off between type correctness and ability to solve the problem is identified. Due to the preferential bias implemented in the coercion approach, this trade-off does not lead to sub-optimal performance. No evidence is found that the reduction of the search space achieved through declarative bias helps in finding better solutions faster. In fact, for the class of scientific discovery problems the opposite seems to be the case.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2de7e74f446b0ed19dd86ec08cede2b44/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00control, multivariable enhancement implementation, facility integrated setpoint models, modelling strategy, nonlinear predictive package, systems, PROLITH values, based KLA-Tencor-FINLE yield algorithms, process photolithography, average structure, electron optimal control controller, manufacture, empirical feedback microscopy, regulatory stepper inputs, programming, genetic simulated fabrication model semiconductor mode scanning circuit parameters, <span style="color:#555555;">Benyamin <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Grosman">Grosman</a> and Sivan <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Lachman-Shalem">Lachman-Shalem</a> and Raaya <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Swissa">Swissa</a> and D. R. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Lewin">Lewin</a> </span><em>IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing</em><em>18(1):86--93</em><em>February2005. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor ManufacturingFebruary186--93Yield enhancement in photolithography through model-based process control: average mode control182005control, multivariable enhancement implementation, facility integrated setpoint models, modelling strategy, nonlinear predictive package, systems, PROLITH values, based KLA-Tencor-FINLE yield algorithms, process photolithography, average structure, electron optimal control controller, manufacture, empirical feedback microscopy, regulatory stepper inputs, programming, genetic simulated fabrication model semiconductor mode scanning circuit parameters, This work describes the fabrication facility (FAB) implementation of a multivariable nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) for the regulation of critical dimensions (CD) in photolithography. The controller is based on nonlinear empirical models relating the stepper inputs, exposure dose and focus on the isolated and dense CDs measured by scanning electron microscopy. Since the adjustments are made on the basis of the average value of five measured points in each wafer, this is referred to as average mode control. The optimal structure and parameters of these empirical models were determined by genetic programming, to closely match FAB data. The tuning and testing of the NMPC regulator were facilitated by the use of a simulated photolithography track, using the KLA-Tencor-FINLE PROLITH package, suitably calibrated to match FAB conditions. On implementation in the FAB, the NMPC has been demonstrated to consistently maintain the CDs close to their setpoint values, despite unmeasured disturbances such as shifts in uncontrolled inputs. It was also shown that adopting the multivariable feedback regulatory strategy to regulate the CDs results in significant improvements in the die yield.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c555459cd8b5667b703a0c3179ce4c21/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00algorithms, programming, genetic empirical modelling <span style="color:#555555;">D. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/J Greeff">J Greeff</a> and C. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Aldrich">Aldrich</a> </span><em>Computers \&amp; Chemical Engineering</em><em>22(7-8):995--1005</em>(<em>1998</em>)Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008Computers \& Chemical Engineering7-8995--1005Empirical modelling of chemical process systems with evolutionary programming221998algorithms, programming, genetic empirical modelling Through the use of evolutionary computation, empirical models for chemical processes can be evolved that are more cost-effective than models determined by means of classical statistical techniques. These strategies do not require explicit specification of a model structure, but explore candidate models assembled from sets of variables, parameters and simple mathematical operators. The application of the proposed strategies is illustrated by means of three examples, two of which are based on data pertaining to leaching experiments. Since the evolved models were derived from terminal sets containing only the most basic operators, their structures tended to be complicated, making for less easy interpretation, similar to neural networks and other non-parametric models. Nonetheless, the evolved models were either of comparable accuracy or significantly more accurate than those which were previously developed by means of standard least-squares methods.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2548f93d05e72f74a7c7c5a444569d128/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00software Empirical genetic research programming, Cost algorithms, estimation, cost function, <span style="color:#555555;">Jose J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Dolado">Dolado</a> </span><em>Information and Software Technology</em><em>43(1):61--72</em><em>1 January2001. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008Information and Software Technology1 January161--72On the Problem of the Software Cost Function432001software Empirical genetic research programming, Cost algorithms, estimation, cost function, The question of finding a function for software cost estimation is a long-standing issue in the software engineering field. The results of other works have shown different patterns for the unknown function, which relates software size to project cost (effort). In this work, the research about this problem has been made by using the technique of Genetic Programming (GP) for exploring the possible cost functions. Both standard regression analysis and GP have been applied and compared on several data sets. However, regardless of the method, the basic size-effort relationship does not show satisfactory results, from the predictive point of view, across all data sets. One of the results of this work is that we have not found significant deviations from the linear model in the software cost functions. This result comes from the marginal cost analysis of the equations with best predictive values.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2ca22747aa282329e913dc31c06cedd16/brazovayeyebrazovayeye2008-06-19T17:35:00+02:00programming, genetic deep Reinforced beams, model Empirical building algorithms, concrete <span style="color:#555555;">A. F. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Ashour">Ashour</a> and L. F. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Alvarez">Alvarez</a> and V. V. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Toropov">Toropov</a> </span><em>Computers and Structures</em><em>81(5):331--338</em><em>March2003. </em>Thu Jun 19 17:35:00 CEST 2008Computers and StructuresMarch5331--338Empirical modelling of shear strength of {RC} deep beams by genetic programming812003programming, genetic deep Reinforced beams, model Empirical building algorithms, concrete This paper investigates the feasibility of using previous termgeneticnext term programming (GP) to create an empirical model for the complicated non-linear relationship between various input parameters associated with reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams and their ultimate shear strength. GP is a relatively new form of artificial intelligence, and is based on the ideas of Darwinian theory of evolution and previous termgenetics.next term The size and structural complexity of the empirical model are not specified in advance, but these characteristics evolve as part of the prediction. The engineering knowledge on RC deep beams is also included in the search process through the use of appropriate mathematical functions. The model produced by GP is constructed directly from a set of experimental results available in the literature. The validity of the obtained model is examined by comparing its response with the shear strength of the training and other additional datasets. The developed model is then used to study the relationships between the shear strength and different influencing parameters. The predictions obtained from GP agree well with experimental observations.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/284372acc69e94513cf235fa377fe650e/michaelmichael2008-06-13T12:01:26+02:00imtm modeling stwt maris empirical ownstuff myown DISS <span style="color:#555555;">Isa <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Jahnke">Jahnke</a> and Thomas <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Herrmann">Herrmann</a> and Michael <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Prilla">Prilla</a> </span><em>Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2008 (forthcoming), </em>(<em>2008</em>)Fri Jun 13 12:01:26 CEST 2008Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2008 (forthcoming)Modellierung statt Interviews? Eine ‚neue’ qualitative Erhebungsmethode2008imtm modeling stwt maris empirical ownstuff myown DISS http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/251b0ef8b8fa0269a593e586063d5048f/neilernstneilernst2008-05-25T01:01:16+02:00agile software should-read empirical <span style="color:#555555;">M. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Pikkarainen">Pikkarainen</a> and J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Haikara">Haikara</a> and O. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Salo">Salo</a> and P. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Abrahamsson">Abrahamsson</a> and J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Still">Still</a> </span><em>Empirical Software Engineering</em>(<em>2008</em>)Sun May 25 01:01:16 CEST 2008Empirical Software EngineeringThe impact of agile practices on communication in software development2008agile software should-read empirical Agile software development practices such as eXtreme Programming (XP) and SCRUM have increasingly been adopted to respond to the challenges of volatile business environments, where the markets and technologies evolve rapidly and present the unexpected.In spite of the encouraging results so far, little is known about how agile practices affect communication. This article presents the results from a study which examined the impact of XP and SCRUM practices on communication within software development teams and within the focal organization. The research was carried out as a case study in F-Secure where two agile software development projects were compared from the communication perspective. The goal of the study is to increase the understanding of communication in the context of agile software development: internally among the developers and project leaders and in the interface between the development team and stakeholders (i.e. customers, testers, other development teams). The study shows that agile practices improve both informal and formal communication. However, it further indicates that, in larger development situations involving multiple external stakeholders, a mismatch of adequate communication mechanisms can sometimes even hinder the communication. The study highlights the fact that hurdles and improvements in the communication process can both affect the feature requirements and task subtask dependencies as described in coordination theory. While the use of SCRUM and some XP practices facilitate team and organizational communication of the dependencies between product features and working tasks,the use of agile practices requires that the team and organization use also additional plan-driven practices to ensure the efficiency of external communication between all the actors of software development.