BibSonomyburst/tag/growthBibSonomy RSS feed for /tag/growth2012-02-15T02:32:19+01:00http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/20bf8f086ff0179e1d9e565deb9d8a2e4/quantentunnelquantentunnel2012-01-07T21:38:07+01:00bacterium growth <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Monod">Jaques Monod</a> </span><em>Annual Review of Microbiology</em> (<em>October 1949</em>)Sat Jan 07 21:38:07 CET 2012Annual Review of MicrobiologyOctober371-394The Growth of Bacterial Cultures 31949bacterium growth http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/219ef0f72344608e5bf31028aad320f9b/quantentunnelquantentunnel2012-01-06T14:53:59+01:00growth <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Schaechter">Moselio Schaechter</a>, <a href="/author/Maaløe">Ole Maaløe</a>, and <a href="/author/Kijeldgaard">Neils Ole Kijeldgaard</a> </span><em>Journal of general Microbiology</em> (<em>1985</em>)Fri Jan 06 14:53:59 CET 2012Journal of general Microbiology592-606Dependency on medium and temperature of cell size and chemical composition during balanced growth of Salmonella typhimurium61985growth http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2642afa3b9b85b0ff22bcd07206ccf76c/pawelsikorskipawelsikorski2011-11-04T13:47:04+01:00&amp; *Transforming ; Animals Biocompatible Bone Carriers Collagen Drug Factor Gov&#039;t, Growth Implants Long-Evans Male Materials Matrix Morphogenetic Osteogenesis P.H.S. Polyesters Proteins/administration Rats Rats, Recombinant Regeneration Research Support, U.S. beta dosage/*pharmacokinetics dosage/pharmacokinetics <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Winn">S. R. Winn</a>, <a href="/author/Uludag">H. Uludag</a>, and <a href="/author/Hollinger">J. O. Hollinger</a> </span><em>Clin Orthop Relat Res</em> (<em>1999</em>)Fri Nov 04 13:47:04 CET 2011Clin Orthop Relat Res367 SupplS95-106Carrier systems for bone morphogenetic proteins.1999& *Transforming ; Animals Biocompatible Bone Carriers Collagen Drug Factor Gov't, Growth Implants Long-Evans Male Materials Matrix Morphogenetic Osteogenesis P.H.S. Polyesters Proteins/administration Rats Rats, Recombinant Regeneration Research Support, U.S. beta dosage/*pharmacokinetics dosage/pharmacokinetics Bone deficits can regenerate inherently, although when the amount of bone loss exceeds a critical limit, pseudarthrosis and fibrosis occur. Therapeutic intervention either with an autograft or allogeneic bank bone are traditional options to promote regeneration to overcome critical limits. However, liabilities with traditional treatments have inspired investigators to develop alternatives, such as combinations of biomimetic scaffolds and osteogenic regulatory molecules. The class of osteogenic regulatory molecules known as the bone morphogenetic proteins has several members that stimulate bone regeneration. Therapeutic applications of bone morphogenetic proteins require a well characterized carrier system to ensure safe and effective presentation at the implant site. Several carrier systems have been used to evaluate the sustained release and implant retention of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. The carrier systems used in this study include type I collagen, poly(D,L-lactide), and deorganified bovine bone. Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 released from these systems were characterized in the rat ectopic assay. Pharmacokinetics were influenced by the implant carrier. For example, sustained release occurred with the collagen sponge. The recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 from deorganified bovine bone resulted in a burst release at the first collection interval, but thereafter, appeared to bind irreversibly to the morphogen. The poly (D,L-lactide) systems showed a dose dependent sustained release pattern. These results indicate the physicochemical characteristics of a carrier system for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 impact the release kinetics and may have a profound influence on clinical outcome.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2e0e26658261462eb5f3378fe75083700/pawelsikorskipawelsikorski2011-11-04T13:47:04+01:00*Receptors, ; Animal Animals Bone Cell Disease Expression Factor Fracture Gene Gov&#039;t, Growth Healing/physiology Humans Models, Morphogenetic Osteoblasts/physiology Osteocalcin/genetics Osteogenesis/physiology P.H.S. Protein Proteins Proteins/classification/*physiology/therapeutic Receptors Receptors, Recombinant Regeneration/*physiology Regulation/physiology Research Signal Support, Surface/metabolism Transduction U.S. use <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Schmitt">J. M. Schmitt</a>, <a href="/author/Hwang">K. Hwang</a>, <a href="/author/Winn">S. R. Winn</a>, and <a href="/author/Hollinger">J. O. Hollinger</a> </span><em>J Orthop Res</em> <em>17(2):269-78</em> (<em>1999</em>)Fri Nov 04 13:47:04 CET 2011J Orthop Res2269-78Bone morphogenetic proteins: an update on basic biology and clinical relevance.171999*Receptors, ; Animal Animals Bone Cell Disease Expression Factor Fracture Gene Gov't, Growth Healing/physiology Humans Models, Morphogenetic Osteoblasts/physiology Osteocalcin/genetics Osteogenesis/physiology P.H.S. Protein Proteins Proteins/classification/*physiology/therapeutic Receptors Receptors, Recombinant Regeneration/*physiology Regulation/physiology Research Signal Support, Surface/metabolism Transduction U.S. use The regeneration of bone is a remarkable, complex physiological process, and BMPs are a formidable clinical tool to promote its regeneration. By defining roles played by BMPs in developmental biology and bone regeneration, significant progress has been made to identify cell-signaling molecules and their regulators. For example, the regulators of BMPs that include noggin, chordin, cerberus, dan, and gremlin may be harnessed as therapies to offset calcification encountered after total hip arthroplasties. Furthermore, exploiting BMPs and Smads may generate new therapeutic options for bone repair. Another compelling clinical consideration is the trans-acting factor osteoblast-specific factor-2, which can promote osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, the affiliation of osteoblast-specific factor-2 with heritable disorders merits exploration. A recognized daunting challenge includes a carrier/delivery system for the powerful morphogenetic therapeutic tools, as well as osteoprogenitor cells and intracellular transduction and transcriptional factors. In addition, the long-term effects of administering superphysiological doses of rhBMPs to patients must be assessed systematically. A new generation carrier/delivery system may be the answer to offset dosing liabilities as well as to provide residence for exogenous, BMP-receptive osteoprogenitor cells (111,112). The areas highlighted in this review offer fertile territory for thought and research to develop rational clinical treatments to promote bone regeneration and to understand some of the biological roles of BMPs.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c50917850facadb5b4a6e88c405b2f9b/pawelsikorskipawelsikorski2011-11-04T13:47:04+01:00&amp; *Bone *Tissue *Transforming ; Animals Biopolymers/therapeutic Bone Carriers Cell Cells, Collagen/administration Cultured/transplantation Delivery Diseases/*therapy Dogs Drug Engineering Evaluation, Factor Fusion Gene Growth Haplorhini Humans Knockout Materials Mice Mice, Microspheres Morphogenetic Osteoblasts/drug Osteoclasts/drug Preclinical Proteins Proteins/genetics/therapeutic Proteins/therapeutic Rabbits Rats Recombinant Regeneration/drug Sheep Signal Stem Substances/administration Substitutes/*therapeutic Swine Systems Testing Therapy Transduction/drug Transgenic Transplantation beta dosage dosage/genetics/*therapeutic effects effects/physiology use <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Doll">B. Doll</a>, <a href="/author/Sfeir">C. Sfeir</a>, <a href="/author/Winn">S. Winn</a>, <a href="/author/Huard">J. Huard</a>, and <a href="/author/Hollinger">J. Hollinger</a> </span><em>Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr</em> <em>11(1-3):173-98</em> (<em>2001</em>)Fri Nov 04 13:47:04 CET 2011Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr1-3173-98Critical aspects of tissue-engineered therapy for bone regeneration.112001& *Bone *Tissue *Transforming ; Animals Biopolymers/therapeutic Bone Carriers Cell Cells, Collagen/administration Cultured/transplantation Delivery Diseases/*therapy Dogs Drug Engineering Evaluation, Factor Fusion Gene Growth Haplorhini Humans Knockout Materials Mice Mice, Microspheres Morphogenetic Osteoblasts/drug Osteoclasts/drug Preclinical Proteins Proteins/genetics/therapeutic Proteins/therapeutic Rabbits Rats Recombinant Regeneration/drug Sheep Signal Stem Substances/administration Substitutes/*therapeutic Swine Systems Testing Therapy Transduction/drug Transgenic Transplantation beta dosage dosage/genetics/*therapeutic effects effects/physiology use Recent advances in bone tissue engineering are established on the understanding of an engineered scaffold, the molecular milieu within the osteogenic site, and the cell(s) predisposed to an osteogenic lineage. Advances in the incorporation of a generative vehicle into a skeletal defect require temporal and spatial distribution of the scaffold, growth factor, and cell compatible with enhanced bone healing. Monitoring events culminating in osteogenesis has focused on phenotypic and intracellular indicators. Phenotypic and intracellular indicators include the presence of receptors and intracellular signals that enable cell proliferation and differentiation. Progress in the areas of scaffold design, growth factor utilization, bone cell lineage, and intracellular signaling are reviewed.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29a720168995017486486aa074e001333/quantentunnelquantentunnel2011-08-23T12:27:21+02:00gene growth regulation <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Scott">Matthew Scott</a>, <a href="/author/Gunderson">Carl W. Gunderson</a>, <a href="/author/Mateescu">Eduard M. Mateescu</a>, <a href="/author/Zhang">Zhongge Zhang</a>, and <a href="/author/Hwa">Terence Hwa</a> </span><em>Science</em> <em>330(6007):1099-1102</em> (<em>Nov 19, 2010</em>)Tue Aug 23 12:27:21 CEST 2011ScienceNovember60071099-1102Interdependence of Cell Growth and Gene Expression: Origins and Consequences3302010gene growth regulation 19In bacteria, the rate of cell proliferation and the level of gene expression are intimately intertwined. Elucidating these relations is important both for understanding the physiological functions of endogenous genetic circuits and for designing robust synthetic systems. We describe a phenomenological study that reveals intrinsic constraints governing the allocation of resources toward protein synthesis and other aspects of cell growth. A theory incorporating these constraints can accurately predict how cell proliferation and gene expression affect one another, quantitatively accounting for the effect of translation-inhibiting antibiotics on gene expression and the effect of gratuitous protein expression on cell growth. The use of such empirical relations, analogous to phenomenological laws, may facilitate our understanding and manipulation of complex biological systems before underlying regulatory circuits are elucidated.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c83354e15acf9ea77fca44570b1a4687/quantentunnelquantentunnel2011-08-18T12:09:10+02:00ecoli growth <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Wang">Ping Wang</a>, <a href="/author/Robert">Lydia Robert</a>, <a href="/author/Pelletier">James Pelletier</a>, <a href="/author/Dang">Wei Lien Dang</a>, <a href="/author/Taddei">Francois Taddei</a>, <a href="/author/Wright">Andrew Wright</a>, and <a href="/author/Jun">Suckjoon Jun</a> </span><em>Current Biology</em> <em>20(12):1099 - 1103</em> (<em>2010</em>)Thu Aug 18 12:09:10 CEST 2011Current Biology121099 - 1103Robust Growth of Escherichia coli202010ecoli growth The quantitative study of the cell growth has led to many fundamental insights in our understanding of a wide range of subjects, from the cell cycle and to senescence. Of particular importance is the growth rate, whose constancy represents a physiological steady state of an organism. Recent studies, however, suggest that the rate of elongation during exponential growth of bacterial cells decreases cumulatively with replicative age for both asymmetrically and symmetrically and dividing organisms, implying that a "steady-state" population consists of individual cells that are never in a steady state of growth. To resolve this seeming paradoxical observation, we studied the long-term growth and division patterns of Escherichia coli cells by employing a microfluidic device designed to follow steady-state growth and division of a large number of cells at a defined reproductive age. Our analysis of approximately 105 individual cells reveals a remarkable stability of growth whereby the mother cell inherits the same pole for hundreds of generations. We further show that death of E. coli is not purely stochastic but is the result of accumulating damages. We conclude that E. coli, unlike all other aging model systems studied to date, has a robust mechanism of growth that is decoupled from cell death.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/287e35c507c4de580d9e61116e9255508/lgmarujolgmarujo2011-08-05T23:54:15+02:00ANOVA Analysis, Grain Growth Heat Heat-Affected Input, Interface, Microstructure, Refinement Regression Responses Supercritical Technique, Weld Zone, and <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/GUNARAJ">V. GUNARAJ</a>, and <a href="/author/MURUGAN">N. MURUGAN</a> </span><em>Welding Research</em> (<em>January 2002</em>)Fri Aug 05 23:54:15 CEST 2011Welding ResearchJanuary94-98Prediction of heat-affected zone characteristics in submerged arc welding of structural steel pipes812002ANOVA Analysis, Grain Growth Heat Heat-Affected Input, Interface, Microstructure, Refinement Regression Responses Supercritical Technique, Weld Zone, and In submerged arc welding (SAW), selecting appropriate values for process variables is essential in order to control heat-affected zone (HAZ) dimensions and get the required bead size and quality. Also, conditions must be selected that will ensure a predictable and reproducible weld bead, which is critical for obtaining high quality. In this investigation, mathematical models were developed to study the effects of process variables and heat input on various metallurgical aspects, namely, the widths of the HAZ, weld interface, and grain growth and grain refinement regions of the HAZ. The color metallography technique and response surface methodology were also used. Direct and interaction effects of the process variables and heat input on the characteristics of the HAZ were presented in graphical forms. The study revealed: 1) heat input and wire feed rate have a positive effect, but welding speed has a negative effect on all HAZ characteristics; 2) width of grain growth and grain refinement zones increased and weld interface decreased with an increase in arc voltage; and 3) width of HAZ is maximum (about 2.2 mm) when wire-feed rate and welding speed are at their minimum limits.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2d7b3a7ac6df7dde196599f33873ba414/poeschkopoeschko2011-06-29T01:31:29+02:00collaboration growth wikipedia <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Suh">Bongwon Suh</a>, <a href="/author/Convertino">Gregorio Convertino</a>, <a href="/author/Chi">Ed H. Chi</a>, and <a href="/author/Pirolli">Peter Pirolli</a> </span><em>WikiSym &#039;09: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration, </em><em>page 1--10. </em><em>New York, NY, USA, </em><em>ACM, </em>(<em>2009</em>)Wed Jun 29 01:31:29 CEST 2011New York, NY, USAWikiSym '09: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration1--10The singularity is not near: slowing growth of Wikipedia2009collaboration growth wikipedia http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/27ab6a571fbb44db7376d8c7efb970c8d/saghisaghi2011-05-30T00:39:46+02:00LBL growth polyelectrolytes polymer review <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Bertrand">P. Bertrand</a>, <a href="/author/Jonas">A. Jonas</a>, <a href="/author/Laschewsky">A. Laschewsky</a>, and <a href="/author/Legras">R. Legras</a> </span><em>Macromolecular Rapid Communications</em> <em>21(7):319--348</em> (<em>2000</em>)Mon May 30 00:39:46 CEST 2011Macromolecular Rapid Communications7319--348Ultrathin polymer coatings by complexation of polyelectrolytes at interfaces: suitable materials, structure and properties212000LBL growth polyelectrolytes polymer review Abstract The article presents the state-of-the-art of alternating physisorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, the so-called “layer-by-layer” method or “electrostatic self-assembly” (ESA), for the preparation of thin polymer coatings. In comparison to other, more established self-organization techniques, this recent method is distinguished by its simplicity, versatility, and speed. In particular, the tendency for self-healing is unique. Emphasis is given to the role of the molecular structure of the polyelectrolytes, and to the nature of the support. Also, various parameters for the preparation of multilayer films are highlighted, which are very important due to the kinetic control of the build-up process. The structure of the resulting coatings, their quality and stability, chemical reactions in the films, and potential applications are discussed.Ultrathin polymer coatings by complexation of polyelectrolytes at interfaces: suitable materials, structure and properties - Bertrand - 2000 - Macromolecular Rapid Communications - Wiley Online Libraryhttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2da5d30a2c6ef0f50a73b160821010062/quantentunnelquantentunnel2011-05-24T10:59:54+02:00bistability gene growth regulation <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Tan">Cheemeng Tan</a>, <a href="/author/Marguet">Philippe Marguet</a>, and <a href="/author/You">Lingchong You</a> </span><em>Nature Chemical Biology</em> <em>5(11):842-848</em> (<em>November 2009</em>)Tue May 24 10:59:54 CEST 2011Nature Chemical BiologyNovember11842-848Emergent bistability by a growth-modulating positive feedback circuit52009bistability gene growth regulation http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2ba5f388ae604a7e1fc872e4a42efd84b/quantentunnelquantentunnel2011-05-24T10:56:26+02:00bacterium growth <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Scott">Matthew Scott</a>, and <a href="/author/Hwa">Terence Hwa</a> </span><em>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</em> <em>4(22):559--565</em> (<em>August 2011</em>)Tue May 24 10:56:26 CEST 2011Current Opinion in BiotechnologyAugust22559--565Bacterial growth laws and their applications42011bacterium growth Quantitative empirical relationships between cell composition and growth rate played an important role in the early days of microbiology. Gradually, the focus of the field began to shift from growth physiology to the ever more elaborate molecular mechanisms of regulation employed by the organisms. Advances in systems biology and biotechnology have renewed interest in the physiology of the cell as a whole. Furthermore, gene expression is known to be intimately coupled to the growth state of the cell. Here, we review recent efforts in characterizing such couplings, particularly the quantitative phenomenological approaches exploiting bacterial [`]growth laws.' These approaches point toward underlying design principles that can guide the predictive manipulation of cell behavior in the absence of molecular details.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2e117801a28c343210a3f96a9dff2a7e6/hymihymi2011-04-07T15:44:20+02:00Animals, Cycle Cytokines, Echinococcosis, Echinococcus Factor Growth Hepatic, Humans, Interactions, Life Signal Stages, Transduction, Transforming ag_brehm beta multilocularis, {Host-Parasite} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Brehm"> Brehm</a>, and <a href="/author/Spiliotis">M Spiliotis</a> </span><em>Parasite Paris, France</em> <em>15(3):286--290</em> (<em>September 2008</em>)<em>PMID: 18814696 . </em>Thu Apr 07 15:44:20 CEST 2011Parasite {(Paris,} France)sep{PMID:} 188146963286--290The influence of host hormones and cytokines on Echinococcus multilocularis signalling and development152008Animals, Cycle Cytokines, Echinococcosis, Echinococcus Factor Growth Hepatic, Humans, Interactions, Life Signal Stages, Transduction, Transforming ag_brehm beta multilocularis, {Host-Parasite} Parasitic helminths display highly complex life-cycles in which the establishment of adults or larvae within host target organs as well as the transition of one developmental stage to the following is influenced by host-derived factors. Due to its approachability concerning in vitro cultivation, the larval stage of the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis has recently emerged as a model system to study the molecular nature of such host-derived stimuli and their influence on developmental control in the parasite. Data obtained so far indicate that cytokines which are used by the host for cell-cell communication can also be exploited by the parasite as clues to find suitable target organs. This involves direct interactions of evolutionary conserved signalling systems of the receptor tyrosine--and the receptor serine/threonine-kinase pathways of the parasite with corresponding host cytokines of the insulin-, the epidermal growth factor-, and the transforming growth factor-beta-families. In the present article, we will briefly review in vitro cultivation approaches undertaken so far for E. multilocularis larvae as well as our current knowledge on the parasite's signalling systems and their interaction with host cytokines.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/214e9df6ad68b54dd08c9ebd5f7f77532/hymihymi2011-04-07T15:44:20+02:00Acid Alignment, Amino Animals, Base Bone Chain Cloning, Data, Echinococcosis, Echinococcus Factor Genes, Growth Helminth, Humans, Interactions, Larva, Molecular Molecular, Morphogenetic Polymerase Protein Protein, Proteins, Reaction, Reverse Sequence Sequence, Smad Smad4 Structure, System Techniques Tertiary, Transcriptase Transforming ag_brehm beta, multilocularis, {Host-Parasite} {Two-Hybrid} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Zavala-Góngora">Ricardo Zavala-Góngora</a>, <a href="/author/Derrer">Bianca Derrer</a>, <a href="/author/Gelmedin">Verena Gelmedin</a>, <a href="/author/Knaus">Petra Knaus</a>, and <a href="/author/Brehm">Klaus Brehm</a> </span><em>International Journal for Parasitology</em> <em>38(2):161--176</em> (<em>February 2008</em>)<em>PMID: 17845804 . </em>Thu Apr 07 15:44:20 CEST 2011International Journal for Parasitologyfeb{PMID:} 178458042161--176Molecular characterisation of a second structurally unusual {AR-Smad} without an {MH1} domain and a Smad4 orthologue from Echinococcus multilocularis382008Acid Alignment, Amino Animals, Base Bone Chain Cloning, Data, Echinococcosis, Echinococcus Factor Genes, Growth Helminth, Humans, Interactions, Larva, Molecular Molecular, Morphogenetic Polymerase Protein Protein, Proteins, Reaction, Reverse Sequence Sequence, Smad Smad4 Structure, System Techniques Tertiary, Transcriptase Transforming ag_brehm beta, multilocularis, {Host-Parasite} {Two-Hybrid} Members of the transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein {(TGF-beta/BMP)} family of cytokines play crucial roles in animal development and are candidate molecules for host-parasite cross-communication in helminth diseases. {TGF-beta/BMP-signalling} involves binding of the cytokines to receptor kinases which subsequently activate intracellular transcription factors of the Smad family. We have previously characterized two members of the receptor-regulated Smad {(R-Smad)} family, {EmSmadA} and {EmSmadB,} from the human parasitic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis and now present evidence for two additional Smads that are expressed by the larval stages of the parasite. The full-length {cDNAs} coding for a third {R-Smad,} {EmSmadC,} and a common mediator Smad {(Co-Smad),} {EmSmadD,} were characterized. While {EmSmadD} displayed a typical {Co-Smad} structure, {EmSmadC} lacked the N-terminal {MH1} domain which is typically found in Smads. In yeast two-hybrid analyses, {EmSmadC} and {EmSmadD} were capable of homo- and heterodimer formation with other Echinococcus Smads. Furthermore, {EmSmadC} displayed autonomous transcription activation activity and interacted with {EmSkip,} a member of the {SNW/SKIP} family of transcriptional regulators. In a heterologous expression system, {EmSmadC} was specifically phosphorylated by mammalian {TGF-beta} receptors, indicating that it is a member of the {AR-Smad} sub-family. Finally, in activity assays, the parasite's Erk-like kinase {EmMPK1} phosphorylated {EmSmadD,} indicating cross-regulation between mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade- and {TGF-beta/BMP-signalling} in Echinococcus. The data presented herein significantly broaden our knowledge of Smad-signalling factors in E. multilocularis and will facilitate studies on {TGF-beta/BMP-regulated} genes in the parasite as well as {TGF-beta/BMP} mediated host-parasite cross-interaction during alveolar echinococcosis.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2be1e2183cdbff880e75fe91dfdc3d7f4/hymihymi2011-04-07T15:44:20+02:00Acid Activation, Alternative Amino Animals, Antibodies, Blotting, Chain Data, Echinococcus Enzyme Epidermal Extracellular Factor, Genes, Growth Helminth, Homology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Introns, Kinase Kinases, Larva, Liver, Molecular Polymerase Protein Reaction, Reverse Sequence Sequence, Signaling Splicing, System, Transcriptase Western, ag_brehm multilocularis, {MAP} {Mitogen-Activated} {Signal-Regulated} <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Spiliotis">Markus Spiliotis</a>, <a href="/author/Konrad">Christian Konrad</a>, <a href="/author/Gelmedin">Verena Gelmedin</a>, <a href="/author/Tappe">Dennis Tappe</a>, <a href="/author/Brückner">Stefan Brückner</a>, <a href="/author/Mösch">Hans-Ulrich Mösch</a>, and <a href="/author/Brehm">Klaus Brehm</a> </span><em>International Journal for Parasitology</em> <em>36(10-11):1097--1112</em> (<em>September 2006</em>)<em>PMID: 16793045 . </em>Thu Apr 07 15:44:20 CEST 2011International Journal for Parasitologysep{PMID:} 1679304510-111097--1112Characterisation of {EmMPK1,} an {ERK-like} {MAP} kinase from Echinococcus multilocularis which is activated in response to human epidermal growth factor362006Acid Activation, Alternative Amino Animals, Antibodies, Blotting, Chain Data, Echinococcus Enzyme Epidermal Extracellular Factor, Genes, Growth Helminth, Homology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Introns, Kinase Kinases, Larva, Liver, Molecular Polymerase Protein Reaction, Reverse Sequence Sequence, Signaling Splicing, System, Transcriptase Western, ag_brehm multilocularis, {MAP} {Mitogen-Activated} {Signal-Regulated} Mitogen-activated protein {(MAP)} kinases are key regulators of cellular signalling systems that mediate responses to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli and should also play a central role in developmental mechanisms of parasitic helminths. Until now, however, no {MAP} kinase orthologue has been characterised in a member of this parasite group. Here, we report the identification and characterisation of such a molecule, {EmMPK1,} from the human parasitic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. Using a degenerative {PCR} approach, we isolated and completely sequenced the 1.2kb {cDNA} for {EmMPK1} which displays significant homologies to known {MAP} kinases of different phylogenetic origin. {EmMPK1} contains all amino acid residues which are characteristic for {MAP} kinases, including a conserved {TEY} motif which identifies the protein as a member of the {ERK} subfamily of {MAP} kinases. The corresponding gene, emmpk1 (6.9 kb), was characterised and contained 10 introns. Southern blot hybridisation studies showed that emmpk1 is present as single copy locus in E. multilocularis. Using {RT-PCR} analyses we demonstrated that emmpk1 is expressed in form of three different transcripts which derive from alternative splice acceptor site utilisation at intron 9. Using {EmMPK1-specific} antibodies in Western blot studies and immunohistochemistry, we detected the Echinococcus protein and its phosphorylated form in the larval stages metacestode and protoscolex during in vitro cultivation and during an infection of the intermediate host. {EmMPK1,} immunoprecipitated from Echinococcus lysate, was able to phosphorylate myelin basic protein in activity assays, indicating that it is a functionally active {MAP} kinase. Finally, we also show that phosphorylation of {EmMPK1} is specifically induced in vitro-cultivated E. multilocularis metacestode vesicles in response to exogenous host serum and upon addition of human epidermal growth factor. These data indicate that the E. multilocularis metacestode is able to sense epidermal growth factor from the host which results in an activation of the parasite's {MAP} kinase cascade.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c916ddb070aafe2f637321f051a997bc/hymihymi2011-04-07T15:44:20+02:002, Acid Amino Animals, Bone Data, Echinococcus Factor Growth Helminth Humans, Molecular Morphogenetic Phosphorylation, Protein Proteins, Receptors, Sequence Sequence, Signal Transduction, Transforming ag_brehm beta beta, multilocularis, <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Zavala-Góngora">Ricardo Zavala-Góngora</a>, <a href="/author/Kroner">Antje Kroner</a>, <a href="/author/Bernthaler">Peter Bernthaler</a>, <a href="/author/Knaus">Petra Knaus</a>, and <a href="/author/Brehm">Klaus Brehm</a> </span><em>Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology</em> <em>146(2):265--271</em> (<em>April 2006</em>)<em>PMID: 16434111 . </em>Thu Apr 07 15:44:20 CEST 2011Molecular and Biochemical Parasitologyapr{PMID:} 164341112265--271A member of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor family from Echinococcus multilocularis is activated by human bone morphogenetic protein 214620062, Acid Amino Animals, Bone Data, Echinococcus Factor Growth Helminth Humans, Molecular Morphogenetic Phosphorylation, Protein Proteins, Receptors, Sequence Sequence, Signal Transduction, Transforming ag_brehm beta beta, multilocularis, http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/293851aca6663ad06ecb44d6f4581b173/ijcopiijcopi2011-03-31T23:23:42+02:00Basis Class Combinatorial Growth Optimization Pattern Permutation Polynomial Recognition Simple <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Karim">Lutful Karim</a>, and <a href="/author/Khan">Nargis Khan</a> </span><em>International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics</em> <em>2(2):12-20</em> (<em>2011</em>)Thu Mar 31 23:23:42 CEST 2011International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics212-20Simple permutations of the classes Av(321, 13524) and Av(321, 13452) have polynomial growth22011Basis Class Combinatorial Growth Optimization Pattern Permutation Polynomial Recognition Simple A permutation is called simple if its only blocks i.e. subsets of the permutation consist of singleton and the permutation itself. For example, 2134 is not a simple permutation since it consists of a block 213 but 3142 is a simple permutation. The basis of a permutation is a pattern which is minimal under involvement and do not belong to the permutation. In this paper, we prove that the number of simple permutations an of the pattern class with two basis of length 3 and 5 such as Av(321, 13452) and Av(321, 13524) have polynomial growth.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/28c0f8e26dfb7e168f6e2d6688089517f/ijcopiijcopi2011-03-31T23:17:56+02:00Basis Class Growth Pattern Permutation Polynomial Simple <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Karim">Lutful Karim</a>, and <a href="/author/Khan">Nargis Khan</a> </span><em>International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics</em> <em>2(2):2-11</em> (<em>2011</em>)Thu Mar 31 23:17:56 CEST 2011International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics22-11Simple permutations of the classes Av(321, 3412) and Av(321, 4123) have polynomial growth22011Basis Class Growth Pattern Permutation Polynomial Simple A permutation is called simple if its only blocks i.e. subsets of the permutation consist of singleton and the permutation itself. For example, 2134 is not a simple permutation since it consists of a block 213 but 3142 is a simple permutation. The basis of a class of permutations is a set of patterns, which is minimal under involvement and do not belong to the permutation. In this paper we prove that the number of simple permutations an of the pattern class Av(321, 3412) follows the recurrence a(n) = a(n-1)+a(n-2) for n >= 4 and the pattern class Av(321, 4123) follows the recurrence a(n) = a(n-2)+a(n-3) for n >= 7. Thus, these pattern classes have polynomial growth.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/265f2be8e1a694273ab6e8333ff1813b0/yevb0yevb02011-03-27T17:20:41+02:00Acoustic Change Events,Male,Music,Music: Factors,Auditory,Auditory: Mapping,Case-Control Potentials,Female,Humans,Life Relationship,Electroencephalography,Electroencephalography: Stimulation,Age Studies,Child,Cross-Sectional Studies,Dose-Response \&amp; development,Neocortex: growth methods,Evoked physiology,Brain physiology,Preschool,Radiation,acquisition,music,musicality,neuro psychology,Neocortex,Neocortex: <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Shahin">Antoine Shahin</a>, <a href="/author/Roberts">Larry E Roberts</a>, and <a href="/author/Trainor">Laurel J. Trainor</a> </span><em>Neuroreport</em> <em>15(12):1917--21</em> (<em>August 2004</em>)Sun Mar 27 17:20:41 CEST 2011Neuroreportaug121917--21Enhancement of auditory cortical development by musical experience in children152004Acoustic Change Events,Male,Music,Music: Factors,Auditory,Auditory: Mapping,Case-Control Potentials,Female,Humans,Life Relationship,Electroencephalography,Electroencephalography: Stimulation,Age Studies,Child,Cross-Sectional Studies,Dose-Response \& development,Neocortex: growth methods,Evoked physiology,Brain physiology,Preschool,Radiation,acquisition,music,musicality,neuro psychology,Neocortex,Neocortex: Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) express the development of mature synaptic connections in the upper neocortical laminae known to occur between 4 and 15 years of age. AEPs evoked by piano, violin, and pure tones were measured twice in a group of 4- to 5-year-old children enrolled in Suzuki music lessons and in non-musician controls. P1 was larger in the Suzuki pupils for all tones whereas P2 was enhanced specifically for the instrument of practice (piano or violin). AEPs observed for the instrument of practice were comparable to those of non-musician children about 3 years older in chronological age. The findings set into relief a general process by which the neocortical synaptic matrix is shaped by an accumulation of specific auditory experiences.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/25442e6a363a483ba757ecbbca110e6ad/yevb0yevb02011-03-27T17:20:41+02:00Alcohol Animals,Apoptosis,Apoptosis: Delayed Diseases,Neurodegenerative Diseases: Effects Exposure Syndrome,Fetal Syndrome: Syndromes,Neurotoxicity Syndromes: \&amp; chemically development,Female,Fetal drug effects,Apoptosis: effects,Brain: effects,Neurons: embryology,Brain: growth induced,Neurodegenerative metabolism,Fetal metabolism,Neurotoxicity pathology,Fetal pathology,Neurodegenerative pathology,Neurotoxicity pharmacology,Pregnancy,Prenatal physiology,Brain,Brain: physiopathology,Humans,Neurodegenerative physiopathology,Neurons,Neurons: physiopathology,Neurotoxins,Neurotoxins: <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Olney">John W Olney</a>, <a href="/author/Wozniak">David F Wozniak</a>, <a href="/author/Jevtovic-Todorovic">Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic</a>, <a href="/author/Farber">Nuri B Farber</a>, <a href="/author/Bittigau">Petra Bittigau</a>, and <a href="/author/Ikonomidou">Chysanthy Ikonomidou</a> </span><em>Brain Pathology</em> <em>12(4):488--98</em> (<em>October 2002</em>)Sun Mar 27 17:20:41 CEST 2011Brain Pathologyoct4488--98Drug-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain122002Alcohol Animals,Apoptosis,Apoptosis: Delayed Diseases,Neurodegenerative Diseases: Effects Exposure Syndrome,Fetal Syndrome: Syndromes,Neurotoxicity Syndromes: \& chemically development,Female,Fetal drug effects,Apoptosis: effects,Brain: effects,Neurons: embryology,Brain: growth induced,Neurodegenerative metabolism,Fetal metabolism,Neurotoxicity pathology,Fetal pathology,Neurodegenerative pathology,Neurotoxicity pharmacology,Pregnancy,Prenatal physiology,Brain,Brain: physiopathology,Humans,Neurodegenerative physiopathology,Neurons,Neurons: physiopathology,Neurotoxins,Neurotoxins: Physiological cell death (PCD), a process by which redundant or unsuccessful neurons are deleted by apoptosis (cell suicide) from the developing central nervous system, has been recognized as a natural phenomenon for many years. Whether environmental factors can interact with PCD mechanisms to increase the number of neurons undergoing PCD, thereby converting this natural phenomenon into a pathological process, is an interesting question for which new answers are just now becoming available. In a series of recent studies we have shown that 2 major classes of drugs (those that block NMDA glutamate receptors and those that promote GABAA receptor activation), when administered to immature rodents during the period of synaptogenesis, trigger widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration throughout the developing brain. In addition, we have found that ethanol, which has both NMDA antagonist and GABAmimetic properties, triggers a robust pattern of apoptotic neurodegeneration, thereby deleting large numbers of neurons from many different regions of the developing brain. These findings provide a more likely explanation than has heretofore been available for the reduced brain mass and lifelong neurobehavioral disturbances associated with the human fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The period of synaptogenesis, also known as the brain growth spurt period, occurs in different species at different times relative to birth. In rats and mice it is a postnatal event, but in humans it extends from the sixth month of gestation to several years after birth. Thus, there is a period in pre- and postnatal human development, lasting for several years, during which immature CNS neurons are prone to commit suicide if exposed to intoxicating concentrations of drugs with NMDA antagonist or GABAmimetic properties. These findings are important, not only because of their relevance to the FAS, but because there are many agents in the human environment, other than ethanol, that have NMDA antagonist or GABAmimetic properties. Such agents include drugs that may be abused by pregnant mothers (ethanol, phencyclidine [angel dust], ketamine [Special K], nitrous oxide [laughing gas], barbiturates, benzodiazepines), and many medicinals used in obstetric and pediatric neurology (anticonvulsants), and anesthesiology (all general anesthetics are either NMDA antagonists or GABAmimetics).