BibSonomyburst/user/a_olympia/lawBibSonomy RSS feed for /user/a_olympia/law2012-02-16T06:43:15+01:00http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2af6552a31bd034b9c7d2350cd9821493/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00hidden law newton processes quantum <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Ostoma">Tom Ostoma</a>, and <a href="/author/Trushyk">Mike Trushyk</a> </span>(<em>April 1999</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007AprilWhat are the Hidden Quantum Processes Behind Newton's Laws?1999hidden law newton processes quantum We investigate the hidden quantum processes that are responsible for Newton's laws of motion and Newton's universal law of gravity. We apply Electro-Magnetic Quantum Gravity or EMQG to investigate Newtonian classical physics. EQMG is a quantum gravity theory that is manifestly compatible with Cellular Automata (CA) theory, a new paradigm for physical reality. EMQG is also based on a theory of inertia proposed by R. Haisch, A. Rueda, and H. Puthoff, which we modified and called Quantum Inertia (QI). Quantum Inertia theory states that in Newton's 2nd law of motion (F=MA), inertia is caused by the strictly local electrical force interactions bewteen matter (ultimately composed of electrically charged quantum particles) and the surrounding electrically charged virtual particles of the quantum vacuum. When an electrically charged particle is accelerated, an electrical force results between the particle and the surrounding electrically charged virtual particles of the quantum vacuum appears in a direction to oppose the acceleration. The sum of all the tiny electrical forces originating between each charged particle and the surrounding quantum vacuum, is the source of the total inertial force of a mass which opposes accelerated motion in Newton's F = MA. Quantum Inertia theory resolves the problems and paradoxes of accelerated motion introduced in Mach's principle by suggesting that the state of acceleration of the charged virtual particles of the quantum vacuum with respect to a mass, serves the function of Newton's absolute space for accelerated masses only.citeulikehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2561772806731f6afcdc0c707e34662dd/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00distributions law pareto power <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Newman">M. E. J. Newman</a> </span>(<em>December 2004</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007DecemberPower laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law2004distributions law pareto power When the probability of measuring a particular value of some quantity varies inversely as a power of that value, the quantity is said to follow a power law, also known variously as Zipf's law or the Pareto distribution. Power laws appear widely in physics, biology, earth and planetary sciences, economics and finance, computer science, demography and the social sciences. For instance, the distributions of the sizes of cities, earthquakes, forest fires, solar flares, moon craters and people's personal fortunes all appear to follow power laws. The origin of power-law behaviour has been a topic of debate in the scientific community for more than a century. Here we review some of the empirical evidence for the existence of power-law forms and the theories proposed to explain them.citeulikehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2836c168f75d6bf1b79f2fdba49a89ee4/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00gravitational inverse-square law <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Adelberger">E. G. Adelberger</a>, <a href="/author/Heckel">B. R. Heckel</a>, and <a href="/author/Nelson">A. E. Nelson</a> </span>(<em>July 2003</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007JulTests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law2003gravitational inverse-square law We review recent experimental tests of the gravitational inverse-square law and the wide variety of theoretical considerations that suggest the law may break down in experimentally accessible regions.citeulikehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b6d9b5296f35ff6d724291faf0812773/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00continued distributional fraction law limit <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Kesseböhmer">Marc Kesseböhmer</a>, and <a href="/author/Slassi">Mehdi Slassi</a> </span>(<em>September 2005</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007SepA distributional limit law for the continued fraction digit sum2005continued distributional fraction law limit We consider the continued fraction digits as random variables measured with respect to Lebesgue measure. The logarithmically scaled and normalized fluctuation process of the digit sums converges strongly distributional to a random variable uniformly distributed on the unit interval. For this process normalized linearly we determine a large deviation asymptotic.citeulikehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/243fe6269e338d5dd0491a3817b79cf1b/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00benford law <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Hurlimann">Werner Hurlimann</a> </span>(<em>July 2006</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007JulBenford's law from 1881 to 20062006benford law On the occasion of the 125-th anniversary of Newcomb's paper, a bibliography of academic work related to Benford's law from its year of origin 1881 to 2006 has been compiled.citeulikehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b05db2d12cfbb7364e02e65604fd1759/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00and central expectations large law limit nonlinear numbers theorem <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Peng">Shige Peng</a> </span>(<em>February 2007</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007FebLaw of Large Numbers and Central Limit Theorem under Nonlinear Expectations2007and central expectations large law limit nonlinear numbers theorem The law of large numbers (LLN) and central limit theorem (CLT) are long and widely been known as two fundamental results in probability theory. <br />Recently problems of model uncertainties in statistics, measures of risk and superhedging in finance motivated us to introduce, in [4] and [5] (see also [2], [3] and references herein), a new notion of sublinear expectation, called \textquotedblleft% $G$-expectation\textquotedblright, and the related \textquotedblleft$G$-normal distribution\textquotedblright from which we were able to define G-Brownian motion as well as the corresponding stochastic calculus. The notion of G-normal distribution plays the same important rule in the theory of sublinear expectation as that of normal distribution in the classic probability theory. It is then natural and interesting to ask if we have the corresponding LLN and CLT under a sublinear expectation and, in particular, if the corresponding limit distribution of the CLT is a G-normal distribution. This paper gives an affirmative answer. The proof of our CLT is short since we borrow a deep interior estimate of fully nonlinear PDE in [6] which extended a profound result of [1] (see also [7]) to parabolic PDEs. The assumptions of our LLN and CLT can be still improved. But the discovered phenomenon plays the same important rule in the theory of nonlinear expectation as that of the classical LLN and CLT in classic probability theory.citeulikehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/20ade1c27b50715d7f18d3c44f3b61f5f/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00informatics law second <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Kafri">Oded Kafri</a> </span>(<em>April 2007</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007AprThe Second Law and Informatics2007informatics law second A unification of thermodynamics and information theory is proposed. It is argued that similarly to the randomness due to collisions in thermal systems, the quenched randomness that exists in data files in informatics systems contributes to entropy. Therefore, it is possible to define equilibrium and to calculate temperature for informatics systems. The obtained temperature yields correctly the Shannon information balance in informatics systems and is consistent with the Clausius inequality and the Carnot cycle.citeulikehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/252f8ea54c9a8bac5ea966cb56e80748d/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00law of second thermodynamics <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Schneider">Eric D. Schneider</a>, and <a href="/author/Kay">James J. Kay</a> </span><em>Mathematical and Computer Modelling</em> <em>19(6-8):25--48</em> (<em>1994</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007Mathematical and Computer Modelling6-825--48Life as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics191994law of second thermodynamics We examine the thermodynamic evolution of various evolving systems, from primitive physical systems to complex living systems, and conclude that they involve similar processes which are phenomenological manifestations of the second law of thermodynamics. We take the reformulated second law of thermodynamics of Hatsopoulos and Keenan and Kestin and extend it to nonequilibrium regions, where nonequilibrium is described in terms of gradients maintaining systems at some distance away from equilibrium. The reformulated second law suggests that as systems are moved away from equilibrium they will take advantage of all available means to resist externally applied gradients. When highly ordered complex systems emerge, they develop and grow at the expense of increasing the disorder at higher levels in the system's hierarchy. We note that this behaviour appears universally in physical and chemical systems. We present a paradigm which provides for a thermodynamically consistent explanation of why there is life, including the origin of life, biological growth, the development of ecosystems, and patterns of biological evolution observed in the fossil record. We illustrate the use of this paradigm through a discussion of ecosystem development . We argue that as ecosystems grow and develop, they should increase their total dissipation, develop more complex structures with more energy flow, increase their cycling activity, develop greater diversity and generate more hierarchical levels, all to abet energy degradation. Species which survive in ecosystems are those that funnel energy into their own production and reproduction and contribute to autocatalytic processes which increase the total dissipation of the ecosystem. In short ecosystems develop in ways which systematically increases their ability to degrade the incoming solar energy. We believe that our thermodynamic paradigm makes it possible for the study of ecosystems to be developed from a descriptive science to a predictive science founded on the most basic principle of physics.citeulikehttp://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/27bd8895aa60780e031904a278a68eb3f/a_olympiaa_olympia2007-08-18T13:22:24+02:00law zipfs <span class="authorEditorList"><a href="/author/Zanette">Damian H. Zanette</a> </span>(<em>June 2004</em>)Sat Aug 18 13:22:24 CEST 2007JunZipf's law and the creation of musical context2004law zipfs This article discusses the extension of the notion of context from linguistics to the domain of music. In language, the statistical regularity known as Zipf's law -which concerns the frequency of usage of different words- has been quantitatively related to the process of text generation. This connection is established by Simon's model, on the basis of a few assumptions regarding the accompanying creation of context. Here, it is shown that the statistics of note usage in musical compositions are compatible with the predictions of Simon's model. This result, which gives objective support to the conceptual likeness of context in language and music, is obtained through automatic analysis of the digital versions of several compositions. As a by-product, a quantitative measure of context definiteness is introduced and used to compare tonal and atonal works.citeulike