http://www.bibsonomy.org/burst/user/perceptron/ResearchBibSonomy BuRST Feed for /user/perceptron/Research2008-09-07T20:05:48+02:00http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2138a73ed0d25e0e92411b9889cf0cee7/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Stimulation; Variance; Reading; Support, Research of Cortex; Emission-Computed Cerebellum; Analysis Male; Temporal Time; Nerve Female; Phonetics; Prefrontal Tomography, Mapping; P.H.S.; Photic Reaction Humans; Gov't, Lobe; Brain U.S. Net; Adult; Occipital <span style="color:#555555;">B. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Xu">Xu</a> und J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Grafman">Grafman</a> und W. D. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Gaillard">Gaillard</a> und K. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Ishii">Ishii</a> und F. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Vega-Bermudez">Vega-Bermudez</a> und P. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Pietrini">Pietrini</a> und P. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Reeves-Tyer">Reeves-Tyer</a> und P. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/DiCamillo">DiCamillo</a> und W. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Theodore">Theodore</a> </span><em>Cerebral Cortex</em>(<em>2001</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Cerebral Cortex267--277Conjoint and extended neural networks for the computation of speech codes: the neural basis of selective impairment in reading words and pseudowords.112001Stimulation; Variance; Reading; Support, Research of Cortex; Emission-Computed Cerebellum; Analysis Male; Temporal Time; Nerve Female; Phonetics; Prefrontal Tomography, Mapping; P.H.S.; Photic Reaction Humans; Gov't, Lobe; Brain U.S. Net; Adult; Occipital The computation of speech codes (i.e. phonology) is an important aspect of word reading. Understanding the neural systems and mech- anisms underlying phonological processes provides a foundation for the investigation of language in the brain. We used high-resolution three-dimensional positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate neural systems essential for phonological processes. The burden of neural activities on the computation of speech codes was maximized by three rhyming tasks (rhyming words, pseudowords and words printed in mixed letter cases). Brain activation patterns associated with these tasks were compared with those of two baseline tasks involving visual feature detection. Results suggest strong left lateralized epicenters of neural activity in rhyming irrespective of gender. Word rhyming activated the same brain regions engaged in pseudoword rhyming, suggesting conjoint neural networks for phonological processing of words and pseudowords. However, pseudoword rhyming induced the largest change in cerebral blood flow and activated more voxels in the left posterior prefrontal regions and the left inferior occipital-temporal junction. In addition, pseudoword rhyming activated the left supramarginal gyrus, which was not apparent in word rhyming. These results suggest that rhyming pseudowords requires active participation of extended neural systems and networks not observed for rhyming words. The implications of the results on theories and models of visual word reading and on selective reading dysfunctions after brain lesions are discussed.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/22678a4f9bbcf8d1dc72ec52b3a7aac58/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Processing, Reading; Visual Oxygen; Non-U.S. Adult; Ocular; Brain Net; Computer-Assisted; Adolescent; Perception Nerve Fixation, Female; Imaging; Resonance Humans; Research Support, Magnetic Perception; Mapping; Laterality; Image Gov't; Speech; Auditory Male; <span style="color:#555555;">M. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Vigneau">Vigneau</a> und G. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Jobard">Jobard</a> und B. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Mazoyer">Mazoyer</a> und N. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Tzourio-Mazoyer">Tzourio-Mazoyer</a> </span><em>Neuroimage</em>(<em>2005</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Neuroimage694--705Word and non-word reading: what role for the Visual Word Form Area?272005Processing, Reading; Visual Oxygen; Non-U.S. Adult; Ocular; Brain Net; Computer-Assisted; Adolescent; Perception Nerve Fixation, Female; Imaging; Resonance Humans; Research Support, Magnetic Perception; Mapping; Laterality; Image Gov't; Speech; Auditory Male; The putative role of the so-called Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) during reading remains under debate. For some authors, this region is specifically involved in a pre-lexical processing of words and pseudowords, whereas such specificity is challenged by others given the VWFA involvement during both non-word reading and word listening. Here, we further investigated this issue, measuring BOLD variations and their lateralization with fMRI during word and non-word reading, in order to evaluate the lexicality effect, and during reading and listening of words, in order to evaluate the impact of stimulus delivery modality on word processing networks. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was first performed in three target areas: 1-VWFA as defined by a meta-analysis of the word reading literature, 2-a middle temporal area (T2) found co-activated by both word reading and listening, 3-an inferior occipital area (OI) belonging to the unimodal visual cortex of the inferior occipital gyrus. VWFA activity was found not different between word and non-word reading but was more leftward lateralized during word reading due to a reduction of activity in the VWFA right counterpart. A similar larger leftward lateralization during word reading was also uncovered in the T2 ROI but was related to a larger left side activity. Such a lexicality effect was not observed in the OI ROI. By contrast, BOLD increases during listening were restricted to the left VWFA and T2 ROIs. Voxel-based analysis (SPM99) showed that semantic areas were more active during word than non-word reading and co-activated by both reading and listening, exhibiting a left lateralized activity in all tasks. These results indicate that the left VWFA would be the place where visual and verbal representations bind under the control of left semantic areas.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b61c3d06326dbb69ee41531f5bc29b0a/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Imaging; Brain; Face; Mapping; Non-P.H.S. U.S. Learning; Brain Pattern Support, Research Form Magnetic Recognition, Visual; Gov't, Resonance Perception; <span style="color:#555555;">M. J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Tarr">Tarr</a> und I. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Gauthier">Gauthier</a> </span><em>Nature Neuroscience</em><em>3(8):764--769</em>(<em>2000</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Nature Neuroscience8764--769FFA: a flexible fusiform area for subordinate-level visual processing automatized by expertise.32000Imaging; Brain; Face; Mapping; Non-P.H.S. U.S. Learning; Brain Pattern Support, Research Form Magnetic Recognition, Visual; Gov't, Resonance Perception; http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/22a95d9bb5786fcbcc71196e6f4490a78/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Female; Male; Non-P.H.S.; Models, P.H.S.; Resonance Statistical; Brain; Pathways; Middle Language; Research Parietal Temporal U.S. Gov't; Brain Lobe; Writing Aged; Humans; Visual Mapping; Magnetic Imaging; Gov't, Adult; Support, Non-U.S. Reading; <span style="color:#555555;">M. A. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Tagamets">Tagamets</a> und J. M. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Novick">Novick</a> und M. L. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Chalmers">Chalmers</a> und R. B. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Friedman">Friedman</a> </span><em>J Cogn Neurosci</em>(<em>2000</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007J Cogn Neurosci281--297A parametric approach to orthographic processing in the brain: an fMRI study.122000Female; Male; Non-P.H.S.; Models, P.H.S.; Resonance Statistical; Brain; Pathways; Middle Language; Research Parietal Temporal U.S. Gov't; Brain Lobe; Writing Aged; Humans; Visual Mapping; Magnetic Imaging; Gov't, Adult; Support, Non-U.S. Reading; Brain activation studies of orthographic stimuli typically start with the premise that different types of orthographic strings (e.g., words, pseudowords) differ from each other in discrete ways, which should be reflected in separate and distinct areas of brain activation. The present study starts from a different premise: Words, pseudowords, letterstrings, and false fonts vary systematically across a continuous dimension of familiarity to English readers. Using a one-back matching task to force encoding of the stimuli, the four types of stimuli were visually presented to healthy adult subjects while fMRI activations were obtained. Data analysis focused on parametric comparisons of fMRI activation sites. We did not find any region that was exclusively activated for real words. Rather, differences among these string types were mainly expressed as graded changes in the balance of activations among the regions. Our results suggest that there is a widespread network of brain regions that form a common network for the processing of all orthographic string types.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/28dfaed046b5d1ff971a8f02e048294ff/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Potentials, Nerve Magnetic Gov't, Visual P.H.S.; Net; Humans; Pathways Cortex; Recognition, Support, Neuropsychological Pattern Photic Psychomotor Non-U.S. Research U.S. Temporal Tests; Resonance Male; Stimulation; Lobe; Imaging; Female; Evoked Performance; Visual; Gov't; <span style="color:#555555;">Mona <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Spiridon">Spiridon</a> und Nancy <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Kanwisher">Kanwisher</a> </span><em>Neuron</em>(<em>2002</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Neuron1157--1165How distributed is visual category information in human occipito-temporal cortex? An fMRI study.352002Potentials, Nerve Magnetic Gov't, Visual P.H.S.; Net; Humans; Pathways Cortex; Recognition, Support, Neuropsychological Pattern Photic Psychomotor Non-U.S. Research U.S. Temporal Tests; Resonance Male; Stimulation; Lobe; Imaging; Female; Evoked Performance; Visual; Gov't; We used fMRI to study the distribution of object category information in the ventral visual pathway. Extending the findings of, we find that categories of stimuli can be distinguished by the pattern of activation they elicit across this entire pathway, even when the stimuli within a category differ in viewpoint, exemplar, or image format. However, regions within the ventral visual pathway are neither interchangeable nor equipotential. Although the FFA and PPA permit excellent discrimination between preferred versus nonpreferred stimuli (e.g., faces-bottles and houses-bottles, respectively), we find that neither region alone permits accurate discrimination between pairs of nonpreferred stimuli (e.g., bottles-shoes). These findings indicate that the ventral visual pathway is not homogeneous, but contains some regions (including FFA and PPA) that are primarily involved in the analysis of a single class of stimulus.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/220f4893b1a5dc6834b9e894dd9e5e5c8/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Imaging; Magnetic Form Resonance Cognition; Gov't; Support, Humans; Perception Research Non-U.S. Cortex; Perception; Visual Reading; <span style="color:#555555;">Cathy J <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Price">Price</a> und Joseph T <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Devlin">Devlin</a> </span><em>Neuroimage</em>(<em>2003</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Neuroimage473--481The myth of the visual word form area.192003Imaging; Magnetic Form Resonance Cognition; Gov't; Support, Humans; Perception Research Non-U.S. Cortex; Perception; Visual Reading; Recent functional imaging studies have referred to a posterior region of the left midfusiform gyrus as the "visual word form area" (VWFA). We review the evidence for this claim and argue that neither the neuropsychological nor neuroimaging data are consistent with a cortical region specialized for visual word form representations. Specifically, there are no reported cases of pure alexia who have deficits limited to visual word form processing and damage limited to the left midfusiform. In addition, we present functional imaging data to demonstrate that the so-called VWFA is activated by normal subjects during tasks that do not engage visual word form processing such as naming colors, naming pictures, reading Braille, repeating auditory words, and making manual action responses to pictures of meaningless objects. If the midfusiform region has a single function that underlies all these tasks, then it does not correspond to visual word form processing. On the other hand, if the region participates in several functions as defined by its interactions with other cortical areas, then identifying the neural system sustaining visual word form representations requires identification of the set of regions involved. We conclude that there is no evidence that visual word form representations are subtended by a single patch of neuronal cortex and it is misleading to label the left midfusiform region as the visual word form area.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a29225d4988409480a6b239f8029f678/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Support, Recognition, Male; Pattern Adult; Gov't, Lobe Visual; Temporal Adolescent; Laterality; Gov't; Magnetic Non-P.H.S.; P.H.S.; Humans; Resonance Reading; Imaging; Female; Non-U.S. U.S. Research <span style="color:#555555;">Thad A <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Polk">Polk</a> und Matthew <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Stallcup">Stallcup</a> und Geoffrey K <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Aguirre">Aguirre</a> und David C <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Alsop">Alsop</a> und Mark <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/D&#039;Esposito">D'Esposito</a> und John A <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Detre">Detre</a> und Martha J <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Farah">Farah</a> </span><em>Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</em>(<em>2002</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience145--159Neural specialization for letter recognition.142002Support, Recognition, Male; Pattern Adult; Gov't, Lobe Visual; Temporal Adolescent; Laterality; Gov't; Magnetic Non-P.H.S.; P.H.S.; Humans; Resonance Reading; Imaging; Female; Non-U.S. U.S. Research Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to estimate neural activity while subjects viewed strings of consonants, digits, and shapes. An area on or near the left fusiform gyrus was found that responded significantly more to letters than digits. Similar results were obtained when consonants were used whose visual features were matched with the digits and when an active matching task was used, suggesting that the results cannot be easily attributed to artifacts of the stimuli or task. These results demonstrate that neural specialization in the human brain can extend to a category of stimuli that is culturally defined and that is acquired many years postnatally.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2da374209ea85dff5191e9c776c22cd37/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Emission-Computed Culture; Humans; Linguistics; England; Adult; Speech; Research Lobe; Non-U.S. Frontal Brain Reading; Time; Italy; Tomography, Gov't; Support, Reaction Mapping; Photic Temporal Stimulation; <span style="color:#555555;">E. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Paulesu">Paulesu</a> und E. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/McCrory">McCrory</a> und F. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Fazio">Fazio</a> und L. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Menoncello">Menoncello</a> und N. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Brunswick">Brunswick</a> und S. F. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Cappa">Cappa</a> und M. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Cotelli">Cotelli</a> und G. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Cossu">Cossu</a> und F. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Corte">Corte</a> und M. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Lorusso">Lorusso</a> und S. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Pesenti">Pesenti</a> und A. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Gallagher">Gallagher</a> und D. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Perani">Perani</a> und C. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Price">Price</a> und C. D. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Frith">Frith</a> und U. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Frith">Frith</a> </span><em>Nature Neuroscience</em>(<em>2000</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Nature Neuroscience91--96A cultural effect on brain function.32000Emission-Computed Culture; Humans; Linguistics; England; Adult; Speech; Research Lobe; Non-U.S. Frontal Brain Reading; Time; Italy; Tomography, Gov't; Support, Reaction Mapping; Photic Temporal Stimulation; We present behavioral and anatomical evidence for a multi-component reading system in which different components are differentially weighted depending on culture-specific demands of orthography. Italian orthography is consistent, enabling reliable conversion of graphemes to phonemes to yield correct pronunciation of the word. English orthography is inconsistent, complicating mapping of letters to word sounds. In behavioral studies, Italian students showed faster word and non-word reading than English students. In two PET studies, Italians showed greater activation in left superior temporal regions associated with phoneme processing. In contrast, English readers showed greater activations, particularly for non-words, in left posterior inferior temporal gyrus and anterior inferior frontal gyrus, areas associated with word retrieval during both reading and naming tasks.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/242e9e0b9ad87f68c76f3d2e7db03cde0/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Middle Non-U.S. Visual; Humans; Making; Evoked Mapping; Reading; Gov't; Magnetics; Research Male; Dominance, Adult; Aged; Brain Learning Pattern Cerebral; Recognition, Memory, Imaging, Image Processing, Short-Term; Verbal Decision Potentials, Support, Female; Three-Dimensional; Computer-Assisted; Magnetoencephalography; <span style="color:#555555;">Kristen <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Pammer">Pammer</a> und Peter C <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hansen">Hansen</a> und Morten L <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Kringelbach">Kringelbach</a> und Ian <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Holliday">Holliday</a> und Gareth <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Barnes">Barnes</a> und Arjan <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hillebrand">Hillebrand</a> und Krish D <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Singh">Singh</a> und Piers L <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Cornelissen">Cornelissen</a> </span><em>Neuroimage</em>(<em>2004</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Neuroimage1819--1825Visual word recognition: the first half second.222004Middle Non-U.S. Visual; Humans; Making; Evoked Mapping; Reading; Gov't; Magnetics; Research Male; Dominance, Adult; Aged; Brain Learning Pattern Cerebral; Recognition, Memory, Imaging, Image Processing, Short-Term; Verbal Decision Potentials, Support, Female; Three-Dimensional; Computer-Assisted; Magnetoencephalography; We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to map the spatiotemporal evolution of cortical activity for visual word recognition. We show that for five-letter words, activity in the left hemisphere (LH) fusiform gyrus expands systematically in both the posterior-anterior and medial-lateral directions over the course of the first 500 ms after stimulus presentation. Contrary to what would be expected from cognitive models and hemodynamic studies, the component of this activity that spatially coincides with the visual word form area (VWFA) is not active until around 200 ms post-stimulus, and critically, this activity is preceded by and co-active with activity in parts of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA44/6). The spread of activity in the VWFA for words does not appear in isolation but is co-active in parallel with spread of activity in anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG, BA 21 and 38), posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG, BA37/39), and IFG.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/241c618c92f35bf7f4587f27e1482c5c3/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Processing; Learning; Support, Gov't; Memory; Gov't, Competence; Humans; Research Professional Non-P.H.S.; Cognition; Automatic Perception; Non-U.S. Visual Attention; P.H.S.; U.S. Perception Data <span style="color:#555555;">T. J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Palmeri">Palmeri</a> und A.C.N. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Wong">Wong</a> und I <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Gauthier">Gauthier</a> </span><em>Trends in Cognitive Science</em><em>8(8):378--386</em>(<em>2004</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Trends in Cognitive Science8378--386Computational approaches to the development of perceptual expertise82004Processing; Learning; Support, Gov't; Memory; Gov't, Competence; Humans; Research Professional Non-P.H.S.; Cognition; Automatic Perception; Non-U.S. Visual Attention; P.H.S.; U.S. Perception Data Dog experts, ornithologists, radiologists and other specialists are noted for their remarkable abilities at categorizing, identifying and recognizing objects within their domain of expertise. A complete understanding of the development of perceptual expertise requires a combination of thorough empirical research and carefully articulated computational theories that formalize specific hypotheses about the acquisition of expertise. A comprehensive computational theory of the development of perceptual expertise remains elusive, but we can look to existing computational models from the object-recognition, perceptual-categorization, automaticity and related literatures for possible starting points. Arguably, hypotheses about the development of perceptual expertise should first be explored within the context of existing computational models of visual object understanding before considering the creation of highly modularized adaptations for particular domains of perceptual expertise.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/27c3c05fded3bef96e4039ef6fef6cd70/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Animals; Support, Potentials; Perception; Observer Discrimination Visual; Visual Psychomotor Stimulation; Learning; Research Pattern Humans; Macaca Non-U.S. Gov't; Space mulatta; Neurons; Cortex; Performance; Variation; Pathways Recognition, Lobe; Photic Temporal Action <span style="color:#555555;">H. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Op de Beeck">Op de Beeck</a> und J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Wagemans">Wagemans</a> und R. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Vogels">Vogels</a> </span><em>Nature Neuroscience</em><em>4(12):1244--1252</em>(<em>2001</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Nature Neuroscience121244--1252Inferotemporal neurons represent low-dimensional configurations of parameterized shapes42001Animals; Support, Potentials; Perception; Observer Discrimination Visual; Visual Psychomotor Stimulation; Learning; Research Pattern Humans; Macaca Non-U.S. Gov't; Space mulatta; Neurons; Cortex; Performance; Variation; Pathways Recognition, Lobe; Photic Temporal Action Behavioral studies with parameterized shapes have shown that the similarities among these complex stimuli can be represented using a low number of dimensions. Using psychophysical measurements and single-cell recordings in macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex, we found an agreement between low-dimensional parametric configurations of shapes and the representation of shape similarity at the behavioral and neuronal level. The shape configurations, computed from both the perceived and neuron-based similarities, revealed a low number of dimensions and contained the same stimulus order as the parametric configurations. However, at a metric level, the behavioral and neural representations deviated consistently from the parametric configurations. These findings suggest an ordinally faithful but metrically biased representation of shape similarity in IT.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a7e22d7b575f51b5554e073144a670a2/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Non-U.S. Retina; Photic Male; Gov't; Imaging; Magnetic Middle Female; Aged; Mapping; Adult; Brain Perception Humans; Stimulation; Research Algorithms; Resonance Visual Support, Fields; Cortex; <span style="color:#555555;">I. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Levy">Levy</a> und U. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hasson">Hasson</a> und G. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Avidan">Avidan</a> und T. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hendler">Hendler</a> und R. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Malach">Malach</a> </span><em>Nature Neuroscience</em>(<em>2001</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Nature Neuroscience533--539Center-periphery organization of human object areas.42001Non-U.S. Retina; Photic Male; Gov't; Imaging; Magnetic Middle Female; Aged; Mapping; Adult; Brain Perception Humans; Stimulation; Research Algorithms; Resonance Visual Support, Fields; Cortex; The organizing principles that govern the layout of human object-related areas are largely unknown. Here we propose a new organizing principle in which object representations are arranged according to a central versus peripheral visual field bias. The proposal is based on the finding that building-related regions overlap periphery-biased visual field representations, whereas face-related regions are associated with center-biased representations. Furthermore, the eccentricity maps encompass essentially the entire extent of object-related occipito-temporal cortex, indicating that most object representations are organized with respect to retinal eccentricity. A control experiment ruled out the possibility that the results are due exclusively to unequal feature distribution in these images. We hypothesize that brain regions representing object categories that rely on detailed central scrutiny (such as faces) are more strongly associated with processing of central information, compared to representations of objects that may be recognized by more peripheral information (such as buildings or scenes).http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21bb7cdc61dab8e74bc3648d81083d41d/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Gov't Psychomotor Male; Image Adolescent; Processing, Humans; Non-U.S. Research Support, Interpretation, Adult; Fixation, Databases, Stimulation; Magnetic Factual; Photic Reading; Resonance Imaging; Female; Computer-Assisted; Performance; Ocular; <span style="color:#555555;">Martin <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Kronbichler">Kronbichler</a> und Florian <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hutzler">Hutzler</a> und Heinz <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Wimmer">Wimmer</a> und Alois <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Mair">Mair</a> und Wolfgang <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Staffen">Staffen</a> und Gunther <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Ladurner">Ladurner</a> </span><em>Neuroimage</em>(<em>2004</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Neuroimage946--953The visual word form area and the frequency with which words are encountered: evidence from a parametric fMRI study.212004Gov't Psychomotor Male; Image Adolescent; Processing, Humans; Non-U.S. Research Support, Interpretation, Adult; Fixation, Databases, Stimulation; Magnetic Factual; Photic Reading; Resonance Imaging; Female; Computer-Assisted; Performance; Ocular; Cohen and Dehaene et al. proposed that the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) in the left midfusiform gyrus, contrary to its name, is limited to the extraction of an abstract letter string and not involved in proper visual word recognition. We examined this prelexical function of the VWFA by a parametric block design with five levels of written word frequency. The lowest level was represented by pseudowords and the highest level by words of very high frequency. Contrary to the assumed prelexical function of the VWFA, increasing frequency was associated with decreasing brain activation in a large posterior cluster of the left hemisphere including middle and posterior fusiform regions. The same negative relation between frequency and activation was found in several left frontal clusters. The relation of increasing frequency and decreasing activation in occipitotemporal regions corresponds to a similar relation in the same brain regions found by studies which experimentally manipulated object or face familiarity. This convergence suggests that fusiform regions are specialized for extracting and storing abstract patterns when processing visual objects and these patterns serve as recognition units in subsequent encounters with the same objects.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/24cff6cb8aedf2b36daa97c871ab7c0e4/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Research Gov't; Support, Neural Adult; Verbal Learning Mental Photic Magnetic Brain Imaging; Pathways; Cerebral Resonance Male; Non-U.S. Cortex; Behavior; Humans; Mapping; Stimulation; Processes; <span style="color:#555555;">K. A. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Kiehl">Kiehl</a> und P. F. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Liddle">Liddle</a> und A. M. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Smith">Smith</a> und A. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Mendrek">Mendrek</a> und B. B. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Forster">Forster</a> und R. D. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hare">Hare</a> </span><em>Human Brain Mapping</em>(<em>1999</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Human Brain Mapping225--233Neural pathways involved in the processing of concrete and abstract words.71999Research Gov't; Support, Neural Adult; Verbal Learning Mental Photic Magnetic Brain Imaging; Pathways; Cerebral Resonance Male; Non-U.S. Cortex; Behavior; Humans; Mapping; Stimulation; Processes; The purpose of this study was to delineate the neural pathways involved in processing concrete and abstract words using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Word and pseudoword stimuli were presented visually, one at a time, and the participant was required to make a lexical decision. Lexical decision epochs alternated with a resting baseline. In each lexical decision epoch, the stimuli were either concrete words and pseudowords, or abstract words and pseudowords. Behavioral data indicated that, as with previous research, concrete word stimuli were processed more efficiently than abstract word stimuli. Analysis of the fMRI data indicated that processing of word stimuli, compared to the baseline condition, was associated with neural activation in the bilateral fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate, left middle temporal gyrus, right posterior superior temporal gyrus, and left and right inferior frontal gyrus. A direct comparison between the abstract and concrete stimuli epochs yielded a significant area of activation in the right anterior temporal cortex. The results are consistent with recent positron emission tomography work showing right hemisphere activation during processing of abstract representations of language. The results are interpreted as support for a right hemisphere neural pathway in the processing of abstract word representations.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2bb63c8c273774bbf30378bb462845df5/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Gov't, Form U.S. Perception; P.H.S. Pattern Neurons; Face; Visual; Recognition, Humans; Support, Research Mapping; Brain Brain; <span style="color:#555555;">N. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Kanwisher">Kanwisher</a> </span><em>Nature Neuroscience</em>(<em>2000</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Nature Neuroscience759--763Domain specificity in face perception.32000Gov't, Form U.S. Perception; P.H.S. Pattern Neurons; Face; Visual; Recognition, Humans; Support, Research Mapping; Brain Brain; http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/29e33894223e4720de235eddcda09743f/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Pattern Cortex; Gov't; Magnetic Male; Support, Language; Aged; Imaging; Resonance Perception; Adult; Auditory Non-U.S. Middle Visual; Perception Humans; Research Recognition, Cerebral Visual Female; <span style="color:#555555;">Uri <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hasson">Hasson</a> und Ifat <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Levy">Levy</a> und Marlene <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Behrmann">Behrmann</a> und Talma <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hendler">Hendler</a> und Rafael <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Malach">Malach</a> </span><em>Neuron</em>(<em>2002</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Neuron479--490Eccentricity bias as an organizing principle for human high-order object areas.342002Pattern Cortex; Gov't; Magnetic Male; Support, Language; Aged; Imaging; Resonance Perception; Adult; Auditory Non-U.S. Middle Visual; Perception Humans; Research Recognition, Cerebral Visual Female; We have recently proposed a center-periphery organization based on resolution needs, in which objects engaging in recognition processes requiring central-vision (e.g., face-related) are associated with center-biased representations, while objects requiring large-scale feature integration (e.g., buildings) are associated with periphery-biased representations. Here we tested this hypothesis by comparing the center-periphery organization with activations to five object categories: faces, buildings, tools, letter strings, and words. We found that faces, letter strings, and words were mapped preferentially within the center-biased representation. Faces showed a hemispheric lateralization opposite to that of letter strings and words. In contrast, buildings were mapped mainly to the periphery-biased representation, while tools activated both central and peripheral representations. The results are compatible with the notion that center-periphery organization allows the optimal allocation of cortical magnification to the specific requirements of various recognition processes.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/22f0966a1aaefed77f7c00c9c8649d7ef/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Research Gov't; Temporal Recognition, Visual Mapping; Perception Lobe; Cortex; Brain Humans; Visual; Non-U.S. Fields; Support, Laterality; Motion; Pattern Occipital <span style="color:#555555;">Uri <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hasson">Hasson</a> und Michal <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Harel">Harel</a> und Ifat <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Levy">Levy</a> und Rafael <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Malach">Malach</a> </span><em>Neuron</em>(<em>2003</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Neuron1027--1041Large-scale mirror-symmetry organization of human occipito-temporal object areas.372003Research Gov't; Temporal Recognition, Visual Mapping; Perception Lobe; Cortex; Brain Humans; Visual; Non-U.S. Fields; Support, Laterality; Motion; Pattern Occipital We have combined functional maps of retinotopy (eccentricity and meridian mapping), object category, and motion in a group of subjects to explore the large-scale topography of higher-order object areas. Our results reveal seven consistent category-related entities situated in the occipito-temporal cortex adjoining early visual areas. These include two face-related regions, three object-related regions, and two building-related regions. Interestingly, this complex category-related pattern is organized in a large-scale dorso-ventral mirror symmetry of object category. Furthermore, correlating this pattern to the map of visual field eccentricity, we found that the entire network of areas could be related to a single and unified eccentricity map. We hypothesize that this large-scale organization points to a possible development of high-order object areas through extension and specialization of a single proto-representation.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/249315aad02ee4ad1a6bc21ba4f9afadf/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Gyrus; Support, Image Learning; Brain Processing, Net; Reference Consumption; Oxygen (Computer); Networks Computer-Assisted; Recognition, Humans; Discrimination Orientation; Resonance Imaging; Occipital U.S. Non-U.S. Pattern Adult; Nerve Parahippocampal Values; Magnetic Neural Gov't; Mapping; Lobe Visual; Non-P.H.S.; Gov't, Lobe; Mathematical Temporal Research Computing; <span style="color:#555555;">Stephen Jos&#65533; <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Hanson">Hanson</a> und Toshihiko <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Matsuka">Matsuka</a> und James V <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Haxby">Haxby</a> </span><em>Neuroimage</em>(<em>2004</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Neuroimage156--166Combinatorial codes in ventral temporal lobe for object recognition: Haxby (2001) revisited: is there a "face" area?232004Gyrus; Support, Image Learning; Brain Processing, Net; Reference Consumption; Oxygen (Computer); Networks Computer-Assisted; Recognition, Humans; Discrimination Orientation; Resonance Imaging; Occipital U.S. Non-U.S. Pattern Adult; Nerve Parahippocampal Values; Magnetic Neural Gov't; Mapping; Lobe Visual; Non-P.H.S.; Gov't, Lobe; Mathematical Temporal Research Computing; Haxby et al. [Science 293 (2001) 2425] recently argued that category-related responses in the ventral temporal (VT) lobe during visual object identification were overlapping and distributed in topography. This observation contrasts with prevailing views that object codes are focal and localized to specific areas such as the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri. We provide a critical test of Haxby's hypothesis using a neural network (NN) classifier that can detect more general topographic representations and achieves 83\% correct generalization performance on patterns of voxel responses in out-of-sample tests. Using voxel-wise sensitivity analysis we show that substantially the same VT lobe voxels contribute to the classification of all object categories, suggesting the code is combinatorial. Moreover, we found no evidence for local single category representations. The neural network representations of the voxel codes were sensitive to both category and superordinate level features that were only available implicitly in the object categories.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2cd7f8681b80d31c7f40de4c5a515a2d3/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00Resonance Habituation P.H.S.; Magnetic U.S. Recognition, Research Gov't, Adult; Cortex (Psychophysiology); Face; Pattern Non-P.H.S.; Support, Humans; Visual Gov't; Photic Imaging; Non-U.S. Visual; Stimulation; <span style="color:#555555;">I. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Gauthier">Gauthier</a> und M. J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Tarr">Tarr</a> und J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Moylan">Moylan</a> und P. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Skudlarski">Skudlarski</a> und J. C. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Gore">Gore</a> und A. W. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Anderson">Anderson</a> </span><em>Journal Cognitive Neuroscience</em>(<em>2000</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Journal Cognitive Neuroscience495--504The fusiform "face area" is part of a network that processes faces at the individual level.122000Resonance Habituation P.H.S.; Magnetic U.S. Recognition, Research Gov't, Adult; Cortex (Psychophysiology); Face; Pattern Non-P.H.S.; Support, Humans; Visual Gov't; Photic Imaging; Non-U.S. Visual; Stimulation; According to modular models of cortical organization, many areas of the extrastriate cortex are dedicated to object categories. These models often assume an early processing stage for the detection of category membership. Can functional imaging isolate areas responsible for detection of members of a category, such as faces or letters? We consider whether responses in three different areas (two selective for faces and one selective for letters) support category detection. Activity in these areas habituates to the repeated presentation of one exemplar more than to the presentation of different exemplars of the same category, but only for the category for which the area is selective. Thus, these areas appear to play computational roles more complex than detection, processing stimuli at the individual level. Drawing from prior work, we suggest that face-selective areas may be involved in the perception of faces at the individual level, whereas letter-selective regions may be tuning themselves to font information in order to recognize letters more efficiently.http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/24ec9eb6076708684f0d73e34f0555aa7/perceptronperceptron2007-12-16T20:00:22+01:00U.S. Temporal (Neurology); Female; , Support, Research Non-U.S. Pattern Imaging; Recruitment Male; Resonance Recognition; P.H.S.; Adult; Gov't; Visual; Humans; Magnetic Face; Lobe Gov't, <span style="color:#555555;">I. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Gauthier">Gauthier</a> und M.J. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Tarr">Tarr</a> und A.W. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Anderson">Anderson</a> und P. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Skudlarski">Skudlarski</a> und J.C. <a href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/author/Gore">Gore</a> </span><em>Nature Neuroscience</em><em>2(6):568--573</em>(<em>1999</em>)Sun Dec 16 20:00:22 CET 2007Nature Neuroscience6568--573Activation of the middle fusiform 'face area' increases with expertise in recognizing novel objects.21999U.S. Temporal (Neurology); Female; , Support, Research Non-U.S. Pattern Imaging; Recruitment Male; Resonance Recognition; P.H.S.; Adult; Gov't; Visual; Humans; Magnetic Face; Lobe Gov't, Part of the ventral temporal lobe is thought to be critical for face perception, but what determines this specialization remains unknown. We present evidence that expertise recruits the fusiform gyrus 'face area'. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure changes associated with increasing expertise in brain areas selected for their face preference. Acquisition of expertise with novel objects (greebles) led to increased activation in the right hemisphere face areas for matching of upright greebles as compared to matching inverted greebles. The same areas were also more activated in experts than in novices during passive viewing of greebles. Expertise seems to be one factor that leads to specialization in the face area.