BibliographyType,ISBN,Identifier,Author,Title,Journal,Volume,Number,Month,Pages,Year,Address,Note,URL,Booktitle,Chapter,Edition,Series,Editor,Publisher,ReportType,Howpublished,Institution,Organizations,School,Annote,Custom1,Custom2,Custom3,Custom4,Custom5
10,"","cattuto-2007","Cattuto, Ciro; Baldassarri, Andrea; Servedio, Vito D. P. & Loreto, Vittorio","Vocabulary growth in collaborative tagging systems","",,,"","",2007,"","","http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai:arXiv.org:0704.3316","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","2.0 collaborative systems tagging vocabulary web ","",""
6,"","cattuto-2007","Cattuto, Ciro; Baldassarri, Andrea; Servedio, Vito D. P. & Loreto, Vittorio","Vocabulary growth in collaborative tagging systems","",,,"","",2007,"","","http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai:arXiv.org:0704.3316","","","","","","","","","","","",""," We analyze a large-scale snapshot of del.icio.us and investigate how the number of different tags in the system grows as a function of a suitably defined notion of time. We study the temporal evolution of the global vocabulary size, i.e. the number of distinct tags in the entire system, as well as the evolution of local vocabularies, that is the growth of the number of distinct tags used in the context of a given resource or user. In both cases, we find power-law behaviors with exponents smaller than one. Surprisingly, the observed growth behaviors are remarkably regular throughout the entire history of the system and across very different resources being bookmarked. Similar sub-linear laws of growth have been observed in written text, and this qualitative universality calls for an explanation and points in the direction of non-trivial cognitive processes in the complex interaction patterns characterizing collaborative tagging.","","analysis folksonomy toread vocabulary ","",""
7,"","Fiez1999","Fiez, J. A.; Balota, D. A.; Raichle, M. E. & Petersen, S. E.","Effects of lexicality, frequency, and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of reading.","Neuron",24,,"","205--218",1999,"","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Functional neuroimaging was used to investigate three factors that affect reading performance: first, whether a stimulus is a word or pronounceable non-word (lexicality), second, how often a word is encountered (frequency), and third, whether the pronunciation has a predictable spelling-to-sound correspondence (consistency). Comparisons between word naming (reading) and visual fixation scans revealed stimulus-related activation differences in seven regions. A left frontal region showed effects of consistency and lexicality, indicating a role in orthographic to phonological transformation. Motor cortex showed an effect of consistency bilaterally, suggesting that motoric processes beyond high-level representations of word phonology influence reading performance. Implications for the integration of these results into theoretical models of word reading are discussed.","","Adult; Brain; Cerebellum; Cinguli; Cortex; Emission-Computed; Female; Frontal Gov't, Gov't; Gyrus Humans; Lobe; Male; Motor Non-P.H.S.; Non-U.S. P.H.S.; Phonetics; Reading; Research Support, Tomography, U.S. Vocabulary ","",""
1,"0123357500","heaps78","Heaps, H. S.","Information Retrieval: Computational and Theoretical Aspects","",,,"","",1978,"Orlando, FL, USA","","","","","","","","Academic Press, Inc.","","","","","","","","","1978 growth heaps information retrieval vocabulary ","",""
9,"","miles06","Miles, Alistair","A Theory of Retrieval Using Structured Vocabularies","",,,"","",2006,"","","http://isegserv.itd.rl.ac.uk/retrieval/","","","","","","","","","","","","","A primary motivation for the development of the Semantic Web has been the need for effective information retrieval systems which may be realised through vocabulary control and the use of structured metadata. The technological framework of the Web (URI, HTTP, XML) and of the Semantic Web (RDF, OWL, SPARQL) provides a platform upon which distributed data and metadata applications may be constructed, but does not in itself provide any direct support for information retrieval applications per se. Widely applicable Semantic Web languages that extend this basic layer and provide generic support for retrieval applications, in addition to good practice guidelines and design patterns for developing such applications, are required.
The ultimate purpose of this report is to develop a formal theory of retrieval using controlled vocabularies that have a simple and intuitive structure, to provide the necessary theoretical foundations for the development of Semantic Web languages and design patterns for distributed retrieval applications. The main body of this report is devoted to the articulation of such a theory. The theory is expressed formally through the use of mathematical notation, with the intention that this level of formality will provide the bridge between informal requirements specifications and the implementation of effective retrieval applications in computer systems.
Specifically, a theory is developed to describe the ways in which a structured vocabulary may be used to construct an index over a collection of objects and then used to express queries which may be evaluated against an index to obtain a set of results. This theory is extended to consider ways in which both the precision and recall of retrieval strategies may be improved, through the use of expansion and ranking techniques and through “coordination”. The problem of translating between controlled vocabularies is also considered. The theory attempts to formalise, unify and extend the traditional wisdom of the library sciences regarding the use of thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading systems, taxonomies and other types of structured vocabulary, so that proven techniques and methodologies may be transferred to a Semantic Web context.
The recently chartered W3C Semantic Web Deployment Working Group has been charged with the development of the Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS) to W3C Recommendation status. SKOS is a Semantic Web language specifically intended to support information retrieval applications using controlled vocabularies that have a relatively simple structure. A formal requirements specification is the first planned deliverable in the standardisation of SKOS. An immediate goal of this report is to provide a level of abstraction that can be used to perform a comparative analysis of use cases involving information retrieval systems that operate with structured vocabularies, so that the requirements of these systems with respect to Semantic Web languages such as SKOS may be clearly determined. Also, this report suggests ways in which the theory may be mapped to concrete language constructs and representation patterns in Semantic Web languages. In so doing it is hoped that the development of SKOS and similar languages may be grounded with sufficient rigour to ensure their wide applicability and consistent use.","","SKOS information-retrieval knowledge ontology vocabulary ","",""
7,"","isafolksonomy2007fwn","Noruzi, Alireza","Folksonomies: Why do we need controlled vocabulary?","Webology",4,2,"","",2007,"","","http://www.webology.ir/2007/v4n2/editorial12.html","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","controlled folksonomy ontology toread vocabulary ","",""
7,"","citeulike:166888","Pidcock, Woody","What are the differences between a vocabulary, a taxonomy, a thesaurus, an ontology, and a meta-model?","",,,"January","",2003,"","","http://www.metamodel.com/article.php?story=20030115211223271","","","","","","metamodel.com","","","","","","","This excellent overview was contributed by Woody Pidcock of the Boeing company. Many organizations and companies are struggling with these terms and the ideas behind them; this set of definitions will help to clarify.","","definition taxonomy thesaurus vocabulary ","",""
7,"1471-2288","RefWorks:777","Royle, P. & Waugh, N.","A simplified search strategy for identifying randomised controlled trials for systematic reviews of health care interventions: a comparison with more exhaustive strategies","BMC medical research methodology",5,,"Jul 23","23",2005,"","LR: 20061115; PUBM: Electronic; DEP: 20050723; JID: 100968545; 2005/02/05 [received]; 2005/07/23 [accepted]; 2005/07/23 [aheadofprint]; epublish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","BACKGROUND: It is generally believed that exhaustive searches of bibliographic databases are needed for systematic reviews of health care interventions. The CENTRAL database of controlled trials (RCTs) has been built up by exhaustive searching. The CONSORT statement aims to encourage better reporting, and hence indexing, of RCTs. Our aim was to assess whether developments in the CENTRAL database, and the CONSORT statement, mean that a simplified RCT search strategy for identifying RCTs now suffices for systematic reviews of health care interventions. METHODS: RCTs used in the Cochrane reviews were identified. A brief RCT search strategy (BRSS), consisting of a search of CENTRAL, and then for variants of the word random across all fields (random$.af.) in MEDLINE and EMBASE, was devised and run. Any trials included in the meta-analyses, but missed by the BRSS, were identified. The meta-analyses were then re-run, with and without the missed RCTs, and the differences quantified. The proportion of trials with variants of the word random in the title or abstract was calculated for each year. The number of RCTs retrieved by searching with "random$.af." was compared to the highly sensitive search strategy (HSSS). RESULTS: The BRSS had a sensitivity of 94%. It found all journal RCTs in 47 of the 57 reviews. The missing RCTs made some significant differences to a small proportion of the total outcomes in only five reviews, but no important differences in conclusions resulted. In the post-CONSORT years, 1997-2003, the percentage of RCTs with random in the title or abstract was 85%, a mean increase of 17% compared to the seven years pre-CONSORT (95% CI, 8.3% to 25.9%). The search using random$.af. reduced the MEDLINE retrieval by 84%, compared to the HSSS, thereby reducing the workload of checking retrievals. CONCLUSION: A brief RCT search strategy is now sufficient to locate RCTs for systematic reviews in most cases. Exhaustive searching is no longer cost-effective, because in effect it has already been done for CENTRAL.","","Abstracting Bibliographic/utilization; Controlled Databases, Health Humans; Indexing; Information Literature; MEDLINE; Meta-Analysis; Periodicals; Randomized Research/methods; Retrieval/methods; Review Services Storage Trials; Vocabulary and ","",""
6,"1-59593-249-6","1180904","Sen, Shilad; Lam, Shyong K.; Rashid, Al Mamunur; Cosley, Dan; Frankowski, Dan; Osterhouse, Jeremy; Harper, F. Maxwell & Riedl, John","tagging, communities, vocabulary, evolution","",,,"","181--190",2006,"New York, NY, USA","","http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1180904","CSCW '06: Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work","","","","","ACM","","","","","","","A tagging community's vocabulary of tags forms the basis for social navigation and shared expression.We present a user-centric model of vocabulary evolution in tagging communities based on community influence and personal tendency. We evaluate our model in an emergent tagging system by introducing tagging features into the MovieLens recommender system.We explore four tag selection algorithms for displaying tags applied by other community members. We analyze the algorithms 'effect on vocabulary evolution, tag utility, tag adoption, and user satisfaction.","","analysis evolution kdubiq summerschool tag tagging vocabulary ","",""
6,"1-59593-249-6","1180904","Sen, Shilad; Lam, Shyong K.; Rashid, Al Mamunur; Cosley, Dan; Frankowski, Dan; Osterhouse, Jeremy; Harper, F. Maxwell & Riedl, John","tagging, communities, vocabulary, evolution","",,,"","181--190",2006,"New York, NY, USA","","http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1180904","CSCW '06: Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work","","","","","ACM","","","","","","","A tagging community's vocabulary of tags forms the basis for social navigation and shared expression.We present a user-centric model of vocabulary evolution in tagging communities based on community influence and personal tendency. We evaluate our model in an emergent tagging system by introducing tagging features into the MovieLens recommender system.We explore four tag selection algorithms for displaying tags applied by other community members. We analyze the algorithms 'effect on vocabulary evolution, tag utility, tag adoption, and user satisfaction.","","communities community evolution folksonomies folksonomy tagging vocabulary ","",""