BibliographyType,ISBN,Identifier,Author,Title,Journal,Volume,Number,Month,Pages,Year,Address,Note,URL,Booktitle,Chapter,Edition,Series,Editor,Publisher,ReportType,Howpublished,Institution,Organizations,School,Annote,Custom1,Custom2,Custom3,Custom4,Custom5
7,"","BrandtStark1997","Brandt, Stephan A. & Stark, Lawrence W.","Spontaneous Eye Movements During Visual Imagery Reflect the Content of the Visual Scene","Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience",9,1,"","27--38",1997,"","","","","","","","","MIT Press","","","","","","","In nine naiive subjects eye movements were recorded while subjects viewed and visualized four irregularly-checkered diagrams. Scanpaths, defined as repetitive sequences of fixations and saccades were found during visual imagery and viewing. Positions of fixations were distributed according to the spatial arrangement of subfeatures in the diagrams. For a particular imagined diagrammatic picture, eye movements were closely correlated with the eye movements recorded while viewing the same picture. Thus eye movements during imagery are not random but reflect the content of the visualized scene. The question is discussed whether scanpath eye movements play a significant functional role in the process of visual imagery.
","","attention eyemovements scanpaths ","",""
7,"","Corbetta1998","Corbetta, M; Akbudak, E; Conturo, T E; Snyder, A Z; Ollinger, J M; Drury, H A; Linenweber, M R; Petersen, S E; Raichle, M E; Essen, D C Van & Shulman, G L","A common network of functional areas for attention and eye movements","Neuron",21,4,"Oct","761-773",1998,"","","http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9808463&dopt=Citation","","","","","","","","","","","","","Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and surface-based representations of brain activity were used to compare the functional anatomy of two tasks, one involving covert shifts of attention to peripheral visual stimuli, the other involving both attentional and saccadic shifts to the same stimuli. Overlapping regional networks in parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes were active in both tasks. This anatomical overlap is consistent with the hypothesis that attentional and oculomotor processes are tightly integrated at the neural level.","","-23PAttention attention braintopology eyemovements feedback fmri vision ","",""
7,"","JosephsonHolmes2002","Josephson, Sheree & Holmes, Michael E.","Visual attention to repeated internet images: testing the scanpath theory on the world wide web","Proceedings of the symposium on Eye tracking research \& applications",,,"","43--49",2002,"","","","","","","","","ACM Press New York, NY, USA","","","","","","","The somewhat controversial and often-discussed theory of visual perception, that of scanpaths, was tested using Web pages as visual stimuli. In 1971, Noton and Stark defined "scanpaths" as repetitive sequences of fixations and saccades that occur upon re-exposure to a visual stimulus, facilitating recognition of that stimulus. Since Internet users are repeatedly exposed to certain visual displays of information, the Web is an ideal stimulus to test this theory. Eye-movement measures were recorded while subjects repeatedly viewed three different kinds of Internet pages -- a portal page, an advertising page and a news story page -- over the course of a week. Scanpaths were compared by using the string-edit methodology that measures resemblance between sequences. Findings show that on the World Wide Web, with somewhat complex visual digital images, some viewers' eye movements may follow a habitually preferred path -- a scanpath -- across the visual display. In addition, strong similarity among eye-path sequences of different viewers may indicate that other forces such as features of the Web site or memory are important.","","attention editdistance perception scanpaths vision ","",""
7,"","Martínez1999","Martínez, A.; Anllo-Vento, L.; Sereno, M. I.; Frank, L. R.; Buxton, R. B.; Dubowitz, D. J.; Wong, E. C.; Hinrichs, H.; Heinze, H. J. & Hillyard, S. A.","Involvement of striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in spatial attention","Nature Neuroscience",,,"","364 - 369",1999,"","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","We investigated the cortical mechanisms of visual-spatial attention while subjects discriminated patterned targets within distractor arrays. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to map the boundaries of retinotopic visual areas and to localize attention-related changes in neural activity within several of those areas, including primary visual (striate) cortex. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and modeling of their neural sources, however, indicated that the initial sensory input to striate cortex at 50−55 milliseconds after the stimulus was not modulated by attention. The earliest facilitation of attended signals was observed in extrastriate visual areas, at 70−75 milliseconds. We hypothesize that the striate cortex modulation found with fMRI may represent a delayed, re-entrant feedback from higher visual areas or a sustained biasing of striate cortical neurons during attention. ERP recordings provide critical temporal information for analyzing the functional neuroanatomy of visual attention.","","-23PAttention attention ekp feedbackconnections fmri primaryvisualcortex vision ","",""