BibSonomy publications for /user/flint63/processingSun Jan 29 15:48:12 CET 2012Chichester, UKSpoken Language Understanding2011speech ai v1010 recognition book processing language zzz.th.c4 analysis Spoken language understanding (SLU) is an emerging field in between speech and language processing, investigating human/machine and human/human communication by leveraging technologies from signal processing, pattern recognition, machine learning and artificial intelligence. SLU systems are designed to extract the meaning from speech utterances and its applications are vast, from voice search in mobile devices to meeting summarization, attracting interest from both commercial and academic sectors. Both human/machine and human/human communications can benefit from the application of SLU, using differing tasks and approaches to better understand and utilize such communications. This book covers the state-of-the-art approaches for the most popular SLU tasks with chapters written by well-known researchers in the respective fields. The book presents a fully integrated view of the two distinct disciplines of speech processing and language processing for SLU tasks. It defines what is possible today for SLU as an enabling technology for enterprise (e.g., customer care centers or company meetings), and consumer (e.g., entertainment, mobile, car, robot, or smart environments) applications and outlines the key research areas. This book provides a unique source of distilled information on methods for computer modeling of semantic information in human/machine and human/human conversations.Mon Jan 09 16:30:47 CET 2012Chichester, UKSpoken Language Understanding2010speech ai v1010 recognition book processing language zzz.th.c4 analysis Spoken language understanding (SLU) is an emerging field in between speech and language processing, investigating human/ machine and human/ human communication by leveraging technologies from signal processing, pattern recognition, machine learning and artificial intelligence. SLU systems are designed to extract the meaning from speech utterances and its applications are vast, from voice search in mobile devices to meeting summarization, attracting interest from both commercial and academic sectors. Both human/machine and human/human communications can benefit from the application of SLU, using differing tasks and approaches to better understand and utilize such communications. This book covers the state-of-the-art approaches for the most popular SLU tasks with chapters written by well-known researchers in the respective fields. The book presents a fully integrated view of the two distinct disciplines of speech processing and language processing for SLU tasks. It defines what is possible today for SLU as an enabling technology for enterprise (e.g., customer care centers or company meetings), and consumer (e.g., entertainment, mobile, car, robot, or smart environments) applications and outlines the key research areas. This book provides a unique source of distilled information on methods for computer modeling of semantic information in human/machine and human/human conversations.Fri Dec 16 10:53:19 CET 2011IEEE Intelligent Systems683-89It's a Streaming World! Reasoning upon Rapidly Changing Information242009information knowledge zzz.spm paper recognition data semantic web analysis ieee ai pattern v1010 temporal processing management Data streams occur in modern applications such as sensor network monitoring, traffic engineering, {RFID} tags applications, telecom call recording, medical record management, financial applications, and clickstreams. On the Web, many sites distribute and present information in real-time streams. In many of these application areas, the ability to perform complex reasoning tasks that combine streaming data with evolving knowledge would be of great benefit. Stream reasoning---an unexplored, yet high-impact research area---is a new multidisciplinary approach that will build on the Semantic Web and provide the abstractions, foundations, methods, and tools required to integrate data streams and reasoning systems.Thu Dec 15 15:55:12 CET 2011BerlinThe Semantic Web –- ISWC 2011, 10th International Semantic Web Conference, Bonn, Germany, Proceedings, Part IILecture Notes in Computer ScienceThe Semantic Web –- ISWC 2011, 10th International Semantic Web Conference, Bonn, Germany, October 23--27, 2011, Proceedings, Part II70322011ai knowledge springer zzz.th v1010 service book rdf processing semantic web conference The two-volume set LNCS 7031 and LNCS 7032 constitutes the proceedings of the 10th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2011, held in Bonn, Germany, in October 2011. Part I contains 50 research papers which were carefully reviewed and selected from 264 submissions. The 17 semantic Web in-use track papers contained in part II were selected from 75 submissions. This volume also contains 15 doctoral consortium papers, selected from 31 submissions. The topics covered are: ontologies and semantics; database, IR, and AI technologies for the semantic Web; management of semantic Web data; reasoning over semantic Web data; search, query, integration, and analysis on the semantic Web; robust and scalable knowledge management and reasoning on the Web; interacting with semantic Web data; ontology modularity, mapping, merging and alignment; languages, tools, and methodologies for representing and managing semantic Web data; ontology, methodology, evaluation, reuse, extraction and evolution; evaluation of semantic Web technologies or data; specific ontologies and ontology pattern for the semantic Web; new formalisms for semantic Web; user interfaces to the semantic Web; cleaning, assurance, and provenance of semantic Web data; services, and processes; social semantic Web, evaluation of semantic Web technology; semantic Web population from the human Web.Thu Dec 15 15:55:12 CET 2011BerlinThe Semantic Web –- ISWC 2011, 10th International Semantic Web Conference, Bonn, Germany, Proceedings, Part ILecture Notes in Computer ScienceThe Semantic Web –- ISWC 2011, 10th International Semantic Web Conference, Bonn, Germany, October 23--27, 2011, Proceedings, Part I70312011ai knowledge springer zzz.th v1010 service book rdf processing semantic web conference The two-volume set LNCS 7031 and LNCS 7032 constitutes the proceedings of the 10th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2011, held in Bonn, Germany, in October 2011. Part I contains 50 research papers which were carefully reviewed and selected from 264 submissions. The 17 semantic Web in-use track papers contained in part II were selected from 75 submissions. This volume also contains 15 doctoral consortium papers, selected from 31 submissions. The topics covered are: ontologies and semantics; database, IR, and AI technologies for the semantic Web; management of semantic Web data; reasoning over semantic Web data; search, query, integration, and analysis on the semantic Web; robust and scalable knowledge management and reasoning on the Web; interacting with semantic Web data; ontology modularity, mapping, merging and alignment; languages, tools, and methodologies for representing and managing semantic Web data; ontology, methodology, evaluation, reuse, extraction and evolution; evaluation of semantic Web technologies or data; specific ontologies and ontology pattern for the semantic Web; new formalisms for semantic Web; user interfaces to the semantic Web; cleaning, assurance, and provenance of semantic Web data; services, and processes; social semantic Web, evaluation of semantic Web technology; semantic Web population from the human Web.Sat Nov 26 19:32:55 CET 2011Boston, MAThe Power of Events: An Introduction to Complex Event Processing in Distributed Enterprise Systems2002information zzz.spm middleware data enterprise architecture rules software v1010 temporal book processing management Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a defined set of tools and techniques for analyzing and controlling the complex series of interrelated events that drive modern distributed information systems. This emerging technology helps IS and IT professionals understand what is happening within the system, quickly identify and solve problems, and more effectively utilize events for enhanced operation, performance, and security. CEP can be applied to a broad spectrum of information system challenges, including business process automation, schedule and control processes, network monitoring and performance prediction, and intrusion detection. The book introduces CEP and shows specifically how this innovative technology can be utilized to enhance the quality of large-scale, distributed enterprise systems. The book describes the challenges faced by today's information systems, explains fundamental CEP concepts, and highlights CEP's role within a complex and evolving contemporary context. After thoroughly introducing the concept, the book moves on to a more detailed, technical explanation of CEP, featuring the Rapide event pattern language, reactive event pattern rules, event pattern constraints, and event processing agents. It offers practical advice on building CEP-based solutions that solve real world IS/IT problems.Sat Nov 26 19:12:44 CET 2011HeidelbergSemantische Technologien2012ai knowledge springer zzz.th v1010 book rdf processing semantic web ontology Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine umfassende Einf{\"u}hrung in Grundlagen, Potentiale und Anwendungen Semantischer Technologien. Es richtet sich an Studierende der Informatik und angrenzender F{\"a}cher sowie an Entwickler, die Semantische Technologien am Arbeitsplatz oder in verteilten Applikationen nutzen m{\"o}chten. Mit seiner an praktischen Beispielen orientierten Darstellung gibt es aber auch Anwendern und Entscheidern in Unternehmen einen breiten {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber Nutzen und M{\"o}glichkeiten dieser Technologie. Semantische Technologien versetzen Computer in die Lage, Informationen nicht nur zu speichern und wieder zu finden, sondern sie ihrer Bedeutung entsprechend auszuwerten, zu verbinden, zu Neuem zu verkn{\"u}pfen, und so flexibel und zielgerichtet n{\"u}tzliche Leistungen zu erbringen. Das vorliegende Buch stellt im ersten Teil die als Semantische Technologien bezeichneten Techniken, Sprachen und Repr{\"a}sentationsformalismen vor. Diese Elemente erlauben es, das in Informationen enthaltene Wissen formal und damit f{\"u}r den Computer verarbeitbar zu beschreiben, Konzepte und Beziehungen darzustellen und schließlich Inhalte zu erfragen, zu erschließen und in Netzen zug{\"a}nglich zu machen. Der zweite Teil beschreibt, wie mit Semantischen Technologien elementare Funktionen und umfassende Dienste der Informations- und Wissensverarbeitung realisiert werden k{\"o}nnen. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren etwa die Annotation und das Erschließen von Information, die Suche in den resultierenden Strukturen, das Erkl{\"a}ren von Bedeutungszusammenh{\"a}ngen sowie die Integration einzelner Komponenten in komplexe Ablaufprozesse und Anwendungsl{\"o}sungen. Der dritte Teil beschreibt schließlich vielf{\"a}ltige Anwendungsbeispiele in unterschiedlichen Bereichen und illustriert so Mehrwert, Potenzial und Grenzen von Semantischen Technologien. Die dargestellten Systeme reichen von Werkzeugen f{\"u}r pers{\"o}nliches, individuelles Informationsmanagement {\"u}ber Unterst{\"u}tzungsfunktionen f{\"u}r Gruppen bis hin zu neuen Ans{\"a}tzen im Internet der Dinge und Dienste, einschließlich der Integration verschiedener Medien und Anwendungen von Medizin bis Musik.Wed Oct 05 16:35:05 CEST 2011Informatik-Spektrum#oct#5434-442What’s new in Description Logics342011ai knowledge springer v1010 paper theory semantic processing web ontology zzz.th.c3 logic Mainstream research in Description Logics (DLs) until recently concentrated on increasing the expressive power of the employed description language while keeping standard inference problems like subsumption and instance manageable in the sense that highly optimized reasoning procedures for them behave well in practice. One of the main successes of this line of research was the adoption of OWL DL, which is based on an expressive DL, as the standard ontology language for the Semantic Web. More recently, there has been a growing interest in more light-weight DLs, and in other kinds of inference problems, mainly triggered by need in applications with large-scale ontologies. In this paper, we first review the DL research leading to the very expressive DLs with practical inference procedures underlying OWL, and then sketch the recent development of light-weight DLs and novel inference procedures.Wed Oct 05 16:35:04 CEST 2011Informatik-Spektrum#oct#5462-468{AI} Approaches to Cognitive Systems –- The Example of Spatial Cognition342011cognitive ai knowledge springer spatial v1010 paper processing logic science Cognitive abilities can be studied by observing and interpreting natural systems or by developing artificial systems that interact with their environments in intelligent ways. Cognitive systems research connects both approaches. Typically, human requirements are in the focus of interest and systems are developed to interact with humans in as natural a way as possible. To achieve this goal, a deep understanding of human cognition is required. The present paper focuses on spatial cognition, i. e. the ability to perceive and conceive spatial environments and solve spatial tasks intelligently. It discusses artificial intelligence approaches to spatial cognition for supporting human activities.Wed Oct 05 16:35:04 CEST 2011Informatik-Spektrum#oct#5443-454Planning in the Real World342011ai knowledge springer plan v1010 paper processing generation logic In this article, we describe how real world planning problems can be solved by employing Artificial Intelligence planning techniques. We introduce the paradigm of hybrid planning, which is particularly suited for applications where plans are not intended to be automatically executed by systems, but are made for humans. Hybrid planning combines hierarchical planning – the stepwise refinement of complex tasks – with explicit reasoning about causal dependencies between actions, thereby reflecting exactly the kinds of reasoning humans perform when developing plans. We show how plans are generated and how failed plans are repaired in a way that guarantees stability. Our illustrating examples are taken from a domain model for disaster relief missions enforced upon extensive floods. Finally, we present a tool to support the challenging task of constructing planning domain models. The article ends with an overview of a wide varity of actual planning applications and outlines further such in the area of cognitive technical systems.Wed Oct 05 15:49:48 CEST 2011BerlinLudics, Dialogue and InteractionLecture Notes in Artificial IntelligenceLudics, Dialogue and Interaction: PRELUDE Project --- 2006--2009. Revised Selected Papers65052010ai springer v1010 book semantic processing language logic This volume contains the key contributions to workshops and meetings that were held within the context of the PRELUDE project. PRELUDE, an acronym for 'Towards Theoretical Pragmatics based on Ludics and Continuation Theory', ran from November 2006 to November 2009, with funding from the new French National Agency for Research (ANR). The objective of the project was to develop perspectives on Natural Language Semantics and Pragmatics based on recent developments in Logic and Theoretical Computer Science; the articles shed light on the role of Ludics in the study of speech acts, inferential semantics, game-theoretical frameworks, interactive situations in the dynamics of language, the representation of commitments and interaction, programming web applications, as well as the impact of Ludics on the fundamental concepts of computability.Fri Sep 30 14:16:53 CEST 2011Communications of the ACM#jun#114–123Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-scale Datasets542011google acm v1010 paper data processing retrieval analysis database network algorithm Dremel is a scalable, interactive ad hoc query system for analysis of read-only nested data. By combining multilevel execution trees and columnar data layout, it is capable of running aggregation queries over trillion-row tables in seconds. The system scales to thousands of {CPUs} and petabytes of data, and has thousands of users at Google. In this paper, we describe the architecture and implementation of Dremel, and explain how it complements MapReduce-based computing. We present a novel columnar storage representation for nested records and discuss experiments on few-thousand node instances of the system.Fri Sep 30 13:21:56 CEST 2011Personal and Ubiquitous Computing#mar#3291-303Context-aware Pervasive Service Composition and its Implementation152011process ai springer adaptive v1010 zzz.spm paper middleware service processing embedded Incorporating service composition and pervasive computing into managing users' complex everyday activities calls for the Pervasive Service Composition paradigm for everyday life. In this paper, we propose the concept of Context-Aware Pervasive Service Composition (CAPSC), which aims at enabling a pervasive system to provide user service compositions that are relevant to the situation at hand. We investigate CAPSC requirements and design a CAPSC architecture by taking into account context-aware peer coordination, context-aware process service adaptation, and context-aware utility service adaptation. We present a proof of concept application prototype as well.Fri Sep 30 13:21:54 CEST 2011Informatik-Spektrum#jun#3255-264{Mit Regeln zu einer besseren Spezifikation}342011process software ai knowledge springer development v1010 paper processing requirements engineering rules Unsere Welt wird immer schnelllebiger. Immer mehr soll in immer k{\"u}rzerer Zeit bew{\"a}ltigt werden, immer komplexere Prozesse und Produkte sollen von immer weniger Personal betreut werden. Die geforderten Superlative k{\"o}nnen nur bew{\"a}ltigt werden, wenn das Unterst{\"u}tzungspotenzial von Maschinen verst{\"a}rkt genutzt wird. Arbeitsabl{\"a}ufe und Prozesse sollen automatisiert werden – der Mensch soll haupts{\"a}chlich {\"u}berwachen. Was sich in der Produktion mit Industrierobotern etabliert hat, findet zunehmend auch seinen Weg in den Bereich der Softwaresysteme. Diese Entwicklung stellt den Analytiker vor stetig steigende Herausforderungen. Gerade wenn Prozesse automatisiert ablaufen sollen, m{\"u}ssen alle m{\"o}glichen F{\"a}lle exakt und eindeutig spezifiziert sein. Jede Ausnahme und Sonderregelung muss bedacht werden, f{\"u}r jede auch noch so selten vorkommende Kombination von Bedingungen muss im System ein Verhalten hinterlegt werden. Dieser Artikel soll Methoden aufzeigen, wie diese Komplexit{\"a}t mithilfe von System- und Gesch{\"a}ftsregeln beherrscht werden kann, um trotz aller Schwierigkeiten eine gute Spezifikation zu erstellen.Fri Sep 30 13:21:51 CEST 2011Artificial Intelligence Review#apr#4339-368Semantic Web Reasoners and Languages352011ai knowledge springer v1010 paper tool processing semantic web zzz.th.c3 rules Semantic web reasoners and languages enable the semantic web to function. Some of the latest reasoning models developed in the last few years are: DLP, FaCT, RACER, Pellet, MSPASS, CEL, Cerebra Engine, QuOnto, KAON2, HermiT and others. Some software tools such as Protégé, Jena and others also have been developed, which provide inferencing as well as ontology development and management environments. These reasoners usually differ in their inference procedures, supporting logic, completeness of reasoning, expressiveness and implementation languages. Various semantic web languages with increasing expressive power continue to be developed for describing web services. We survey the some of the more recent languages like OWL-S (Ontology Web Language-Schema), WSML (Web Service Modeling Language), SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) and others that have been tested in early use. We also survey semantic web reasoners and their relationship to these languages.Fri Sep 30 13:08:37 CEST 2011ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS)#feb#110:1–10:6Action Selection Algorithms for Autonomous System in Pervasive Environment: A Computational Approach62011ai acm adaptive v1010 zzz.spm paper service action processing embedded Ubiquitous and pervasive computing deals with the design of autonomous and adaptive systems and services that interact with the closest environment enhanced by context awareness and emergence functionalities. In this article, we investigate the relationships between the environment, the actions (services), and the selection algorithm that is guaranteed to take the system to a state that suits a stochastically changing environment. Making the assumption that peering relationships between potential actions can be specified by an affinity network, the action selection mechanism is translated into an iterative algorithm that lets each activity update its strength until it converges to a solution. In pervasive environments, where services and devices interfere with each other, the proposed action selection approach prevents unexpected and undesirable behaviors or oscillating loops in a such dynamic environment.Fri Sep 30 13:08:37 CEST 2011Artificial Intelligence Review#jun#11-27A Survey of Grammatical Inference Methods for Natural Language Learning362011ai springer v1010 zzz.th.c42 paper learn processing language analysis The high complexity of natural language and the huge amount of human and temporal resources necessary for producing the grammars lead several researchers in the area of Natural Language Processing to investigate various solutions for automating grammar generation and updating processes. Many algorithms for Context-Free Grammar inference have been developed in the literature. This paper provides a survey of the methodologies for inferring context-free grammars from examples, developed by researchers in the last decade. After introducing some preliminary definitions and notations concerning learning and inductive inference, some of the most relevant existing grammatical inference methods for Natural Language are described and classified according to the kind of presentation (if text or informant) and the type of information (if supervised, unsupervised, or semi-supervised). Moreover, the state of the art of the strategies for evaluation and comparison of different grammar inference methods is presented. The goal of the paper is to provide a reader with introduction to major concepts and current approaches in Natural Language Learning research.Thu Sep 22 15:48:12 CEST 2011Journal of Intelligent Information Systems#apr#2131-166Integrating Web Service and Semantic Dialogue Model for User Models Interoperability on the Web362011zzz.th.c45 knowledge springer v1010 paper data service processing semantic web dialog user Nowadays there is a great number of Web information systems that build a model of the user and adapt their services according to the needs and preferences maintained by the user model (UM). One of the most challenging issues of this scenario is the possibility to enable different systems to cooperate in order to exchange the available information about a user. Our aim is to create rich (and scalable) communication protocols and infrastructures to enable consumers and providers of UM data to interact. Our solution for dealing with such an issue is to exploit Web standards for interoperability (i.e. Semantic Web and Web Services) for implementing simple atomic communication, and a dialogue model for implementing enhanced communication capabilities. In particular, two systems can start a semantics-enhanced Dialogue Game as a form of negotiation to clarify the meaning of the requested concepts when a shared knowledge model does not exist, and to approximate the response when the exact one is not available. We propose a distributed semantic conversation framework based on the Sesame semantic environment for the exchange of user model knowledge on the Web. Systems have to expose their user model data as a Web Service, and to exploit a public dialogue knowledge base to start the dialogue. The main advantage of the approach is to allow systems to deal with difficult situations by starting an appropriate dialogue game instead of stopping the communication as in the traditional “all-or-nothing�? Web Service approach. On the basis of a preliminary evaluation, the approach has shown an improvement of the adaptation results provided by the systems we tested.Thu Sep 22 15:48:12 CEST 2011Journal of Intelligent Information Systems#oct#2217-244Using Ontology Databases for Scalable Query Answering, Inconsistency Detection, and Data Integration372011knowledge springer v1010 paper processing retrieval zzz.th.c4 ontology database rules An ontology database is a basic relational database management system that models an ontology plus its instances. To reason over the transitive closure of instances in the subsumption hierarchy, for example, an ontology database can either unfold views at query time or propagate assertions using triggers at load time. In this paper, we use existing benchmarks to evaluate our method---using triggers---and we demonstrate that by forward computing inferences, we not only improve query time, but the improvement appears to cost only more space (not time). However, we go on to show that the true penalties were simply opaque to the benchmark, i.e., the benchmark inadequately captures load-time costs. We have applied our methods to two case studies in biomedicine, using ontologies and data from genetics and neuroscience to illustrate two important applications: first, ontology databases answer ontology-based queries effectively; second, using triggers, ontology databases detect instance-based inconsistencies---something not possible using views. Finally, we demonstrate how to extend our methods to perform data integration across multiple, distributed ontology databases.Thu Sep 22 15:48:12 CEST 2011Journal of Intelligent Information Systems#apr#2167-195The {ESTEEM} Platform: Enabling {P2P} Semantic Collaboration through Emerging Collective Knowledge362011springer knowledge zzz.th adaptive paper semantic web interaction ontology health p2p v1010 processing user In this paper, we present Esteem (Emergent Semantics and cooperaTion in multi-knowledgE EnvironMents), a community-based P2P platform for supporting semantic collaboration among a set of independent peers, without prior reciprocal knowledge and no predefined relationships. Goal of Esteem is to go beyond the existing state-of-the-art solutions for P2P knowledge sharing and to provide an integrated platform for both data and service discovery. A distinguishing feature of Esteem is the use of semantic communities to explicitly give shape to the collective knowledge and expertise of peer groups with similar interests. Key techniques of Esteem will be presented in the paper and concern: shuffling-based communication, ontology and service matchmaking, context management, and quality-aware data integration. An application example of data and service discovery in the health-care domain will be presented, by also discussing results of system and user evaluation.