BibSonomy :: user  :: acf ::

Die Olympischen Spiele kommen, die Studenten müssen raus: Die Wettbewerbe im Juli und August können sich Zehntausende von Gaststudenten nur am Fernseher an...Die Olympischen Spiele kommen, die Studenten müssen raus: Die Wettbewerbe im Juli und August können sich Zehntausende von Gaststudenten nur am Fernseher anschauen - außerhalb Chinas. Die Regierung begründet den Exodus mit "Sicherheitserwägungen". Etwa 1300 deutsche Studenten lernen nach Angaben des Auswärtigen Amtes an den Universitäten Chinas - rechnet man die Kurzstudiengänge noch mit, sind es sogar 2700. Sie alle werden spätestens bis zum 8. August das Land verlassen müssen. Die Regierung in Peking will alle ausländischen Studenten während der Olympischen Spiele nach Hause schicken. Das Außenministerium in Peking begründet die Beschränkungen nach Informationen der Nachrichtenagentur dpa mit der "internationalen terroristischen Bedrohung" der Olympischen Spiele und "anderen Sicherheitserwägungen". Das Ministerium verwies darauf, dass die chinesische Polizei im Januar in Nordwestchina eine mutmaßliche muslimische Terrorgruppe ausgehoben habe, und im März habe es einen versuchten Brandanschlag auf ein chinesisches Flugzeug gegeben. Mehrere zehntausend ausländische Studenten werden deshalb im Sommer China verlassen müssen, schätzt der Deutsche Akademische Auslandsdienst (DAAD). Nach Zahlen des chinesischen Bildungsministeriums sollen 2007 sogar rund 190.000 ausländische Studenten China besucht haben. China schränkt auch die Visa-Vergabe ein Der DAAD in Peking sagte auch Probleme für geplante Aufenthalte von ausländischen Forschern im Sommer in China voraus. Bei der Wiederaufnahme des Studiums im Herbstsemester, zu dem die ausländischen Studenten eigentlich alle Anfang September und damit vor den Paralympischen Spielen (6. bis 17. September) zurückkehren müssten, könne es ebenfalls eng werden. Im Juli und August müssten sie alle ausreisen, bestätigten am Donnerstag mehrere Universitäten in Peking. "Selbst wer im nächsten Semester weiterstudiert, muss in den beiden Monaten ausreisen", sagte eine Sprecherin der Peking Universität. "Es ist bei allen Universitäten dasselbe. Die Anweisung kam von höherer Stelle." Es werde auch nicht wie sonst üblich kurzfristige Sommerkurse geben. Die chinesischen Behörden haben wegen der Spiele in Peking bereits die Vergabe von Visa an Ausländer massiv eingeschränkt. Die europäischen Handelskammern protestierten gegen diese Verschärfung, die auch Geschäftsleute besonders treffe und "sehr negative" Auswirkungen auf die Geschäftstätigkeiten habe. Das Außenministerium verteidigte die Einschränkungen für Touristen und Geschäftsleute. Im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern sei die Visavergabe noch "ziemlich bequem", sagte die Sprecherin Jiang Yu. "Ich glaube, es wird keine negativen Auswirkungen auf normale Geschäfts- und andere Aktivitäten haben." maf/dpa

Totalitarian states are learning to control citizens by creating the impression of ubiquitous surveillance. Adam B. Kushner NEWSWEEK Updated: 10:32 AM E...Totalitarian states are learning to control citizens by creating the impression of ubiquitous surveillance. Adam B. Kushner NEWSWEEK Updated: 10:32 AM ET Apr 5, 2008 In the latest twist on Internet repression, governments don't just censor, they scare. Last week, for example, the Chinese government broadcast a text message to cell-phone users in Lhasa, Tibet, where Beijing has cracked down on protests in recent weeks. The message demanded that users "obey the law" and "follow the rules," and no protester could have mistaken the meaning, or the messenger. If the government also managed to terrify even quiet, apolitical citizens, Chinese and Tibetan—well, so be it. Repression 2.0 is not a precise technology. The essence of the new repression is a form of surveillance in which the spies make their presence known in order to seem like they are everywhere. This strategy has emerged in recent years as authoritarian governments, led by China, have realized there are too many people online to control. State censors can't keep eyes on the 210 million Internet users in China, the 18 million in Iran, nor the 6 million in Egypt. The idea is not just to stop people from finding "dangerous" material online. It's to create an atmosphere in which none will seek it.

Exploring the impact of the digital communications revolution on China's transition Mission: To explore interactive digital media and communication tech...Exploring the impact of the digital communications revolution on China's transition Mission: To explore interactive digital media and communication technologies in order to advance the world's understanding of China, and to promote the knowledge, culture and social practices of those technologies which will facilitate China's democratic transition, sustainable development and peaceful emergence in the global community.

汤国 culture.longhoo.net　　2004-4-9 11:34:01　　推荐本稿　　短信订阅 汤国，1955年生于江苏。现任江苏省作家协会《钟山》杂志。(上图作品：南京人) 　　 　　主要个展： 　　2002《乐水》汤国摄影作品展，香格纳画廊，上海 　　2000《寿》意大利，米...汤国 culture.longhoo.net　　2004-4-9 11:34:01　　推荐本稿　　短信订阅 汤国，1955年生于江苏。现任江苏省作家协会《钟山》杂志。(上图作品：南京人) 　　 　　主要个展： 　　2002《乐水》汤国摄影作品展，香格纳画廊，上海 　　2000《寿》意大利，米兰 　　1998《汤国纸上新作品》上海美术馆，中国，上海 　　1997《江苏画刊》97中国画家提名展，中国，南京 　　1996《汤国水墨作品展》国父纪念馆，台北，台湾 　　《汤国作品展》香格纳画廊，中国，上海 　　1995《飞越故园汤国新作品展》江苏省美术馆东方画廊，中国，南京 　　1994《东方家园汤国作品展》Phims画廊，英国，伦敦 　　《飘行与现实》香港大会展厅，中国，香港 　　《香港-北京汤国绘画艺术展》北京意大利使馆文化处，中国，北京 　　1991《汤国绘画艺术展》北京国际艺苑，中国，北京 　　1990《汤国作品》北京意大利使馆文化处，中国，北京 　　BIOGRAPHY 　　1955 Born in Wuxi,Jangsu Province 　　1986-89 Studies at the Nanjing Art Academy in Nanjing 　　and at the Central Academy for Arts and Crafts in Beijing 　　Lives and works in Nanjing 　　Selected Colo Exhibitions 　　2002 Water-Tang Guo photography,ShanghART Gallery,Shanghai 　　2000 Shou-Long Lift,La Galliavola,Milan,ltaly 　　1998 Tang Guo:New Works on Paper,ShanghART,Shanghai 　　1997 Works by Tang Guo,Yilan Zhai Gallery,Nanjing 　　1996 Tang Guo Abstract Works,ShanghART,Shanghai 　　Paintings by Tang Guo,Guofu Museum,Taipei 　　1995 Bryond Ancient Gardens:New Works by Tang Guo, 　　jiangsu Art Museum,Nanjing 　　1994 Reality and Fantast,Hong Kong City Hall,Hong Kong 　　Eorks by Tang Guo,Phinns Gallery,London,UK 　　1991 The Art of Tang Guo,lnternational Art Salon,Beijing 　　1990 Works by Tang Guo,ltalian Embassy,Beijing

Nanjinger Architekten

Monday, Aug. 26, 2002 In Nanjing, It's Art for Art's Sake By CRYSTYL MO The peasants are stealing your artwork!" I yelled to Yu Xiao Yu. I had just run ...Monday, Aug. 26, 2002 In Nanjing, It's Art for Art's Sake By CRYSTYL MO The peasants are stealing your artwork!" I yelled to Yu Xiao Yu. I had just run halfway across a tiny, muddy island on the outskirts of Nanjing, dodging several avant-garde sculptures and art installations along the way."Really?" asked the artist, as his round face broke into a smile. "That's great!" A group of fellow Nanjing artists laughed and pointed at the leather-faced farmer in a worn Mao jacket who, along with his wife and son, was cheerfully scooping armfuls of seaweed from Yu's installation: a giant ditch in the shape of a gingerbread man, which was filled with water and what was once $50 worth of seaweed. I had come to Nanjing to join the city's contemporary artists for an outdoor festival featuring some extremely down-to-earth and earthy art. Although Nanjing, twice capital of China, has long been renowned for its artists, they have historically been more traditional poets, writers and classical painters. This festival, entitled "Basking in the Sunshine," indicates that Nanjing's modern artists are coming into their own, with revolutionary new ideas. "Nanjing artists are different," says Guo Haiping, a crew-cut painter and restaurateur in his 30s. "We're not like those serious, solitary-minded Beijing or Shanghai artists." In a country where contemporary art is often politically sensitive and inaccessible, Nanjing's recent crop of modernists stands out. Their tightly knit community is committed to bringing art�and a bit of humor�to the common people. Guo's restaurant-cum-mini-gallery, the Banpo Village Caf�, doubles as a salon for Nanjing's creative population. Painters and performance artists crowd every table, cracking sunflower seeds and chatting till the wee hours. While discussions often center on the struggle to bring modern art to the general public in a tradition-bound country with a skittish government, the crowd also dedicates plenty of time to laughing, drinking tea and making the most of the anti-9-to-5 lifestyle. And visitors, even nonartists, are readily welcomed. In one evening, I was invited to four artists' studios as well as to lunch, afternoon tea, dinner and after-dinner snacks. Tang Guo, one of Nanjing's most successful contemporary painters, has a studio that could have been clipped from an architectural magazine: a polished black brick floor reflects light from an elegant hanging lamp wrapped in handmade paper. The walls are a washed-out olive green, and Tang's jewel-toned works lean against furniture and walls with a deceptive casualness�precisely where they will be noticed most. In contrast, Guo Haiping's studio in the city center is haphazardly filled with his signature finger-painted monochromes and random objects�a toilet hangs on the entrance room wall, covered from top to bottom with Guo's red fingerprints. After my studio tours, I met photographer Li Chaoyin for lunch. We took a stroll down Shizi Qiao, the lively pedestrian-only street below his studio, which is Nanjing's choice spot for people watching. We ate at Nanjing Dapaidang, a vast restaurant made up of several tiny kitchens. Everything looked and smelled delicious. We selected carefully: tiny, crisp shrimp in a mandarin orange juice concentrate; rice and pork steamed inside bamboo rods; and for dessert, a candy-sweet, whole steamed pear. That night, I visited the Double Nine Gallery, which hosts monthly exhibits of contemporary artwork, to meet up with my seaweed-artist friend, Yu. "I am so happy that the peasants took my seaweed," he said. "It adds the final step to the evolution of life symbolized in that artwork. What more could an artist wish for but that even a farmer gains something new from his work?" He paused, and for a moment I wondered if Yu really imagined the farmer was sitting up thinking about primordial soup as symbolized in installation art. But Yu, like many of his Nanjing compatriots, was humorously realistic. He knows art can be nourishing in many ways. "They'll think about my artwork," he continued, "every time they eat my seaweed." Click to Print Find this article at: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,344148,00.html

Eight Rules To Brilliant Brainstorming 1. USE BRAINSTORMING TO COMBINE AND EXTEND IDEAS, NOT JUST HARVEST THEM Andrew Hargadon's How Breakthroughs...Eight Rules To Brilliant Brainstorming 1. USE BRAINSTORMING TO COMBINE AND EXTEND IDEAS, NOT JUST HARVEST THEM Andrew Hargadon's How Breakthroughs Happen shows that creativity occurs when people find ways to build on existing ideas. The power of group brainstorming comes from creating a safe place where people with different ideas can share, blend, and expand their diverse knowledge. If your goal is just to collect the creative ideas that are out there, group brainstorms are a waste of time. You may as well stick to a Web-based system for collecting ideas. Even an old-fashioned employee suggestion box is good enough for this limited task. 2. DON'T BOTHER IF PEOPLE LIVE IN FEAR Groups bring out the best and the worst in people. If people believe they will be teased, paid less, demoted, fired, or otherwise humiliated, group brainstorming is a bad idea. If your company fires 10% of its employees every year, people might be too afraid of saying something dumb to brainstorm effectively. 3. DO INDIVIDUAL BRAINSTORMING BEFORE AND AFTER GROUP SESSIONS Alex F. Osborn's 1950s classic, Applied Imagination, which popularized brainstorming, gave sound advice: Creativity comes from a blend of individual and collective ``ideation.'' This means building in time for people to think and learn about the topic before the group brainstorm, as well as time to reflect about what happened after the meetings. When I studied the IDEO team as they developed a new hair-cutting device, engineer Roby Stancel told me that he prepared for the session by going to a local hardware store to look at all kinds of cutting machines -- lawn mowers, hedge clippers, and weed whackers -- to inspire him before the group session. 4. BRAINSTORMING SESSIONS ARE WORTHLESS UNLESS IDEAS LEAD TO ACTION Brainstorming is just one of many techniques that make a company creative. It is of little value if it's not combined with observing consumers, talking to experts, or building prototype products and experiences that provide an outlet for the ideas generated. I've worked with ``creative'' companies that are great at coming up with ideas, but never implement them. I once studied a team that spent a year brainstorming and arguing about a simple product without producing a single prototype, even though a good engineer could have built one in an hour. The project was finally killed when a competitor came out with a similar product. 5. BRAINSTORMING REQUIRES SKILL AND EXPERIENCE BOTH TO DO—AND ESPECIALLY—TO FACILITATE Not everyone can walk into a room and lead a productive brainstorming session. It is not a job for amateurs. In all the places I've seen brainstorming used effectively -- Hewlett-Packard (HPQ ), SAP's (SAP ) Design Services Team, the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University, the Institute for the Future, frog design, and IDEO -- brainstorming is treated as a skill that takes months or years to master. Facilitating a session is a leadership skill that takes even longer to develop. 6. A GOOD BRAINSTORMING SESSION IS COMPETITIVE—IN THE RIGHT WAY In the best brainstorms, people compete to get everyone else to contribute, to make everyone feel like part of the group, and to treat everyone as collaborators toward a common goal. The worst thing a manager can do is set up the session as an ``I win, you lose'' game, in which ideas are explicitly rated, ranked, and rewarded. A Stanford grad student once told me about a team leader at his former company who started giving bonuses to people who generated the best ideas in brainstorms. The resulting fear and dysfunction drastically reduced the number of ideas generated by what had once been a creative and cooperative group. 7. BRAINSTORMING SESSIONS CAN BE USED FOR MORE THAN JUST GENERATING IDEAS Brainstorms are places to listen, learn, and educate. At IDEO, they support the company's culture and work practices. Project teams use brainstorms to get input from people with diverse skills throughout the company. Knowledge is spread about new industries and technologies. Newcomers and veterans learn about who knows what. The explicit goal of a group brainstorm is to generate ideas. But the other benefits of routinely gathering rotating groups of people from around an organization to talk about ideas might ultimately be more important for supporting creative work. 8. FOLLOW THE RULES, OR DON'T CALL IT A BRAINSTORM This is true even if you hold only occasional brainstorms and even if your work doesn't require constant creativity. The worst brainstorms happen when the term is used loosely and the rules aren't followed at all. Perhaps the biggest mistake that leaders make is failing to keep their mouths shut. I once went to a meeting that started with the boss saying: ``Let's brainstorm.'' He followed this pronouncement with 30 minutes of his own rambling thoughts, without a single idea coming from the room. Now, that's productivity loss!

By Xin Dingding (China Daily) Updated: 2008-04-01 09:31 The 36-km-long Hangzhou Bay sea bridge linking Shanghai to Ningbo in Zhejiang province will open...By Xin Dingding (China Daily) Updated: 2008-04-01 09:31 The 36-km-long Hangzhou Bay sea bridge linking Shanghai to Ningbo in Zhejiang province will open to traffic on May 1, 2008.[China Daily] The 36-km-long Hangzhou Bay sea bridge linking Shanghai to Ningbo in Zhejiang province would open to traffic on May 1, the Ningbo government said in Beijing on Friday.By cutting the distance between the two port cities by 120 km and travel time from four to two hours, the world's longest sea bridge - 3.5 km longer than Shanghai Donghai Bridge, the second longest - will enhance development of the Yangtze River Delta, one of China's most prosperous regions. Linking Ningbo's Cixi county in the south to Jiaxing in the north, the bridge is expected to benefit Ningbo most. "Upon its opening, Ningbo will no longer be the end of the region's highway transportation network," deputy Party chief of Ningbo Tang Yijun said. "Ningbo will become a hub linking cities further south in Zhejiang with Shanghai." The bridge would also create greater development opportunities for Ningbo's port economy, he said. Ningbo is the country's second largest port by cargo throughput as of last year, with routes linking more than 100 countries and regions. "After the bridge opens, it would only take about two hours to drive among Shanghai, Haungzhou and Ningbo. This will facilitate regional economic integration among Zhejiang, Shanghai, and the Yangtze River Delta as a whole," he said. The six-lane bridge, designed to have a 100-year lifespan, comes with an 11.8 billion-yuan ($1.68 billion) price tag. It is estimated that 40,000 vehicles would traverse the bridge daily after it opens. The toll fee is expected to be 80 yuan per vehicle. The bridge has been designed to accommodate about 100,000 vehicles daily and is expected to approach the designed capacity in 2026. Wang Yong, vice-mayor of Ningbo, said the bridge's opening would also represent a major milestone in the country's bridge-building legacy. "We encountered many difficulties other countries haven't during construction, such as dangers caused by marsh gas buried under a 10-km-long mudflat the bridge crosses," he said. "We had to use more than 250 innovations and engineering breakthroughs since construction began in November 2003," he said. (For more biz stories, please visit Industry Updates)

R.M. Entman The Journal of Communication43(4):51--58(1993)

Ulrich Steinmueller Migration und Integration von Auslandschinesen in Deutschland, 2, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, (2005)

E. Zhang and K. Fleming Asian Journal of Communication15(3):319--339(2005)

Guenter Bentele and Hans-Bernd Brosius and Otfried Jarren (eds.). Westdt. Verl., 1. Aufl. edition, (2003)

(2008)

Chin chuan Lee (eds.). RoutledgeCurzon studies in Asia's transformations ; 5 RoutledgeCurzon, London u.a., (2003)

E. Zhang and K. Fleming Asian Journal of Communication15(3):319--339(2005)

Xinhua China Daily(2008-04-18 15:13)

Karl E. Weick and Kathleen M. Sutcliffe Jossey-Bass, (2001)