Zusammenfassung
BACKGROUND: Part 1 of this review described the importance of histone
acetylases, deacetylases, methylases and demethylases in transcriptional
control and their potential as therapeutic targets. However, precise
gene regulation requires the involvement of more than just the addition
or removal of acetyl and methyl groups on histones. Histone phosphorylation,
ubiquitylation, SUMOylation and poly-ADP-ribosylation, as well as
ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes, play equally pivotal
roles in the maintenance of transcriptional fidelity. Accordingly,
the enzymes responsible for these modifications are also misregulated
in various disease states. OBJECTIVE: To review the complex roles
of chromatin-modifying enzymes in gene regulation and to highlight
their potential as therapeutic targets. METHODS: This review is based
on recent published literature and online resources. RESULTS/CONCLUSION:
In this second and final part of the review, we discuss the importance
of these other histone and nucleosome modifying enzymes in gene transcription
as well as their therapeutic potential.
Nutzer