Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process carried out
in an aqueous medium. It is capable of converting biomass into a solid,
carbon-rich material (hydrochar), and producing a liquid phase (process
water) which contains the unreactive feedstock and/or chemical
intermediates from the carbonization reaction. The aim of this study was
to evaluate the characteristics of process water generated by HTC from
vinasse and sugarcane bagasse produced by sugarcane industry and to
evaluate its toxicity to both marine (using Artemia salina as a model
organism) and the terrestrial environment (through seed germination
studies of maize, lettuce, and tomato). The experiments showed that
concentrated process water completely inhibited germination of maize,
lettuce, and tomato seeds. On the other hand, diluted process water was
able to stimulate seedlings of maize and tomato and enhance root and
shoot growth. For Artemia, the LC50 indicated that the process water is
practically non-toxic; however, morphological changes, especially
damages to the digestive tube and antennas of Artemia, were observed for
the concentration of 1000 mg C L-1.
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