Using Activity Theory to Understand the Systemic Tensions Characterizing a Technology-Rich Introductory Astronomy Course
Mind, Culture, and Activity, 9 (2):
76-107 (2002)Abstract
In this report of our research on a computer-based three-dimensional (3-D) modeling course for learning
astronomy, we use the central tenets of activity theory to analyze participation by undergraduate
students and instructors, illuminating the instances of activity that characterized course dynamics. Specifically,
we focus on the relations of participant (student) and object (3-D models and astronomy understandings)
and how, in our course, object transformations leading to scientific understandings are
mediated by tools (both technological and human), the overall classroom microculture (emergent
norms), division of labor (group dynamics and student–instructor roles), and rules (informal, formal,
and technical). Through analysis of the data, we interpreted and then focused on two systemic tensions as illuminative of classroom activity. With respect to the first systemic tension, we examined the interplay
between learning astronomy and building 3-D models. Results suggested that instead of detracting
from the emergence of an activity system that supported learning astronomy, model-building actions
frequently coevolved with (were the same as) astronomy-learning actions. With respect to the
second tension, we examined the interplay between prespecified, teacher-directed instruction versus
emergent, student-directed learning. Our results indicated that it was rarely teacher-imposed nor student-
initiated constraints that directed learning; rather, rules, norms, and divisions of labor arose from
the requirements of building and sharing 3-D models.