Developmental Evaluation in Genetic Programming: the
Preliminary Results
Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Genetic
Programming, том 3905 из Lecture Notes in Computer Science, стр. 280--289. Budapest, Hungary, Springer, (10 - 12 April 2006)Аннотация
This paper investigates developmental evaluation in
Genetic Programming (GP). Extant GP systems, including
developmental GP systems, typically exhibit modular and
hierarchical structure only to the degree it is
built-in by the designer; by contrast, biological
systems exhibit a high degree of organisation in their
genotypes. We hypothesise that even when GP systems are
subject to changing environments, for which the
adaptability arising from modular structure would be
advantageous, the benefit is at the species rather than
individual level, so that selection is very weak. By
contrast, biological systems are selected repeatedly
throughout their development process. We suggest that
this difference is crucial; that if an individual is
evaluated multiple times throughout its development,
then modular structure can provide an adaptive
advantage to that individual, and hence can be selected
for by evolution. We investigate this hypothesis using
Tree Adjoining Grammar Guided Genetic Programming
(TAG3P), which has good properties for supporting
evaluation during incremental development. Our
preliminary results show that developmental TAG3P
outperforms both original TAG3P and standard tree-based
GP on an appropriate problem, in ways which suggest
that modular solutions may have been developed.