Abstract
During the two world wars, oceanographers studied both shallow- and
deep-water acoustics. But during the cold war the research emphasis
shifted abruptly to deep water, where the ballistic missile submarine
threat lurked. After the cold war the onset of regional conflicts
in coastal countries shifted the focus again to shallow water. Those
waters encompass about 5\% of the world's oceans on the continental
shelves, roughly the region from the beach to the shelf break, where
water depths are about 200 meters.
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