Zusammenfassung
This review on selective oxidations is split into two parts. The first
part concerns catalytic gas-phase oxidation reactions in micro-reactors,
typically being performed in wall-coated micro-channels V. Hessel,
G. Kolb, J.C. Schouten, V. Cominos, C. Hofmann, H. Lowe, G. Nikolaidis,
R. Zapf, A. Ziogas, E.R. Delsman, M.H.J.M. de Croon, O. de la Iglesia,
R. Mallada, J. Santamaria, in: S. Ernst, E. Gallei, J.A. Lercher,
Rossini, E. Santacesaria (Eds.), Conference pre-prints of the DGMK/SCI-Conference
Öxidation and Functionalization: Classical and Alternative Routes
and Sources", Milan, Italy, October 12-14, 2005 1 (see also acknowledgements
at the end of the article). Liquid and gas-liquid oxidations are
not included due to their different reactor design and way of processing.
This comprises process development for fine chemical intermediates
or bulk chemicals. By example of different reactions, the benefits
of micro-chemical process engineering are shown. While there are
numerous engineering reasons, one major driver is the increase of
selectivity by diminishing side and follow-up reactions, most often
the total oxidation to carbon dioxide, through preventing or at least
decreasing hot spot formation. Another major advantage of micro-reactors
is that mass-transfer resistances can be suppressed, thereby giving
access to intrinsic kinetics. In the second part, we describe selective
oxidation as one gas purification step in the framework of fuel processing
for fuel cells, which is most often termed preferential oxidation
in this context. Here, the selectivity towards carbon monoxide formation
by diminishing the hydrogen oxidation is a major driver. The current
developments are grouped so that all facets from kinetic modelling,
heat transfer studies, catalyst testing, reactor and integrated-system
engineering up to process engineering, exergy analysis, performance
benchmarking and operation under real-case process flows are covered.
Nutzer