%0 Journal Article %1 ADMA:ADMA201705998 %A Tavakoli, Mohammad Mahdi %A Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed %A Grätzel, Michael %A Fan, Zhiyong %D 2018 %J Advanced Materials %K alloying perovskite %P n/a--n/a %R 10.1002/adma.201705998 %T Large-Grain Tin-Rich Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells via Metal Alloying Technique %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705998 %X Fast research progress on lead halide perovskite solar cells has been achieved in the past a few years. However, the presence of lead (Pb) in perovskite composition as a toxic element still remains a major issue for large-scale deployment. In this work, a novel and facile technique is presented to fabricate tin (Sn)-rich perovskite film using metal precursors and an alloying technique. Herein, the perovskite films are formed as a result of the reaction between Sn/Pb binary alloy metal precursors and methylammonium iodide (MAI) vapor in a chemical vapor deposition process carried out at 185 °C. It is found that in this approach the Pb/Sn precursors are first converted to (Pb/Sn)I2 and further reaction with MAI vapor leads to the formation of perovskite films. By using Pb–Sn eutectic alloy, perovskite films with large grain sizes up to 5 µm can be grown directly from liquid phase metal. Consequently, using an alloying technique and this unique growth mechanism, a less-toxic and efficient perovskite solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.04% is demonstrated, while pure Sn and Pb perovskite solar cells prepared in this manner yield PCEs of 4.62% and 14.21%, respectively. It is found that this alloying technique can open up a new direction to further explore different alloy systems (binary or ternary alloys) with even lower melting point.

@article{ADMA:ADMA201705998, abstract = {Fast research progress on lead halide perovskite solar cells has been achieved in the past a few years. However, the presence of lead (Pb) in perovskite composition as a toxic element still remains a major issue for large-scale deployment. In this work, a novel and facile technique is presented to fabricate tin (Sn)-rich perovskite film using metal precursors and an alloying technique. Herein, the perovskite films are formed as a result of the reaction between Sn/Pb binary alloy metal precursors and methylammonium iodide (MAI) vapor in a chemical vapor deposition process carried out at 185 °C. It is found that in this approach the Pb/Sn precursors are first converted to (Pb/Sn)I2 and further reaction with MAI vapor leads to the formation of perovskite films. By using Pb–Sn eutectic alloy, perovskite films with large grain sizes up to 5 µm can be grown directly from liquid phase metal. Consequently, using an alloying technique and this unique growth mechanism, a less-toxic and efficient perovskite solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.04% is demonstrated, while pure Sn and Pb perovskite solar cells prepared in this manner yield PCEs of 4.62% and 14.21%, respectively. It is found that this alloying technique can open up a new direction to further explore different alloy systems (binary or ternary alloys) with even lower melting point.}, added-at = {2018-01-25T14:11:03.000+0100}, author = {Tavakoli, Mohammad Mahdi and Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed and Grätzel, Michael and Fan, Zhiyong}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/28c69bdc6f9caf51c2d5ed21f661754e1/tammireddy}, description = {Large-Grain Tin-Rich Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells via Metal Alloying Technique - Tavakoli - 2018 - Advanced Materials - Wiley Online Library}, doi = {10.1002/adma.201705998}, interhash = {449cfd71f31b57e1c77f5e84e0b04efc}, intrahash = {8c69bdc6f9caf51c2d5ed21f661754e1}, issn = {1521-4095}, journal = {Advanced Materials}, keywords = {alloying perovskite}, pages = {n/a--n/a}, timestamp = {2018-01-25T14:15:29.000+0100}, title = {Large-Grain Tin-Rich Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells via Metal Alloying Technique}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705998}, year = 2018 }