Unpublished,

Emocije u latinističkim pohvalama istočnojadranskih gradova

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(ožujak 2012)

Abstract

Iskazivanje emocija u novolatinskim tekstovima digitalne zbirke Laudationes urbium Dalmaticarum, gdje su okupljeni radovi latinista koji hvale gradove istočnoga Jadrana od Trsta do Skadra u razdoblju između 1268. i 1608., istražujemo na primjeru ostvarivanja retoričkog ethosa pomoću gramatičke kategorije superlativa, nadograđujući izvještavanje o statističkoj distribuciji semantičkim i kontekstualnim interpretacijama. 1. Polazišta i hipoteze, 1.1. Antička retorika i afekti, 1.2. Hipoteze, 1.3. Metode istraživanja, 2. Rezultati, 2.1. Autori, 2.2. Značenja, 2.3. Apsolutni i relativni superlativi, 2.3.1. Dijapazon ethosa, 2.3.2. Ἦθος neutralnih pojmova, 2.4. Elativi negativnih pojmova, 2.4.1. Litote, 2.4.2. Kritike, 2.4.3. Autobiografski iskazi, 2.4.4. Neslaganje, 2.4.5. Konvencionalnosti, 2.5. Elativi neutralnih pridjeva, 2.5.1. Individualni izbori, 2.5.2. Raspon upotrebe neutralnih superlativa, 3. Zaključci. --- Emotions in Latin praises of Eastern Adriatic cities Neven Jovanović Expressing positive emotions belongs to rhetorical devices of ethos. We analysed such expressions of ethos using a digital collection of Neo-Latin texts Laudationes urbium Dalmaticarum; this collection comprises 60 Latin praises of Eastern Adriatic cities, from Trieste to Shkoder, written between 1268 and 1608. As a verbal sign of affectivity we postulated the presence of superlative. It can certainly be used as a rough indicator. However, the distribution of superlatives in the collection is uneven; it is encountered less frequently before 1400. There are three levels of affectivity: superlatives can serve as simple marks of verbal elegance, or they can refer to the object of praise indirectly, or, in the strongest form and on the highest affective level, they refer to the object of praise directly. Even expressing negative qualities, superlatives can be vehicles of compliments, thanks to the rhetorical figure of litotes. In their litteral negative sense, such superlatives are marks of criticisms or of autobiographical statements. Affectivity is less pronounced in narratives, where there is more opportunity for speaking about something else than the object of praise. A group of superlatives express qualities which are neither positive nor negative. Some of them can be seen as mannerisms of individual authors; in other cases the level of affectivity depends on reference to the object of praise, in the same way as in the case of unambiguously positive or negative values. We conclude that, in Latin praises of cities, pragmatics has more importance than semantics. If affectivity is defined as "superlative plus reference to the object of praise or the author praising it", key to the strenght of this connection turns out to be the intensification of interpersonal relations. For such intensification, the Latin of texts from our corpus can offer a specific set of linguistic devices.

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