%0 Journal Article %1 mahdi_haroun_2023_7929389 %A Haroun, Mahdi %A Ahmed, Manal Mohammed %D 2023 %J GSC Advanced Research and Reviews %K Leather manufacture %N 1 %P 015–020 %R 10.30574/gscarr.2023.15.1.0100 %T Reducing chromium discharge in tanning: The salt-free chrome tanning process %U /brokenurl#Reducing chromium discharge in tanning: The salt-free chrome tanning process %V 15 %X Nowadays, there is increasing concern about environmental protection in global industrial activities. The sustainable leather industry is currently focusing on cleaner processing methods to promote a greener environment. However, the discharge of waste streams containing several pollutants poses a significant social threat to the leather sector. The conventional pickling and chrome tanning process is particularly problematic due to the enormous amounts of chlorides and chromium emissions, which have been a longstanding issue that has not been satisfactorily resolved. In order to minimize the emissions of chromium and chloride integrately, a salt-free and high exhaustion chromium tanning method was designed and optimized. The study's results demonstrated that the chrome tanning process could be improved by conducting it in a salt-free environment, resulting in a smooth process and a chromium absorption rate increase to 99% compared to 75% in the conventional process. Moreover, the dosage of Chrome required was minimized from 1.5% to 0.8%, resulting in a significant reduction of residual Chromium concentration in the spent liquor from above 1150 mg/L to 40 mg/L. The novel chrome tanning process significantly decreases the amount of chromium-containing sludge generated and facilitates the disposal of spent liquor with a reduced amount of chrome and chloride. The novel process effectively addresses long-standing problems and meets the requirements of the modern sustainable leather industry.

@article{mahdi_haroun_2023_7929389, abstract = {Nowadays, there is increasing concern about environmental protection in global industrial activities. The sustainable leather industry is currently focusing on cleaner processing methods to promote a greener environment. However, the discharge of waste streams containing several pollutants poses a significant social threat to the leather sector. The conventional pickling and chrome tanning process is particularly problematic due to the enormous amounts of chlorides and chromium emissions, which have been a longstanding issue that has not been satisfactorily resolved. In order to minimize the emissions of chromium and chloride integrately, a salt-free and high exhaustion chromium tanning method was designed and optimized. The study's results demonstrated that the chrome tanning process could be improved by conducting it in a salt-free environment, resulting in a smooth process and a chromium absorption rate increase to 99% compared to 75% in the conventional process. Moreover, the dosage of Chrome required was minimized from 1.5% to 0.8%, resulting in a significant reduction of residual Chromium concentration in the spent liquor from above 1150 mg/L to 40 mg/L. The novel chrome tanning process significantly decreases the amount of chromium-containing sludge generated and facilitates the disposal of spent liquor with a reduced amount of chrome and chloride. The novel process effectively addresses long-standing problems and meets the requirements of the modern sustainable leather industry.}, added-at = {2023-07-14T12:27:06.000+0200}, author = {Haroun, Mahdi and Ahmed, Manal Mohammed}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/245340b02994198e094fa312a6552fcd6/gscarrjournal}, doi = {10.30574/gscarr.2023.15.1.0100}, interhash = {6a1af9f00e567208c1853c1671735399}, intrahash = {45340b02994198e094fa312a6552fcd6}, issn = {2581-3250}, journal = {GSC Advanced Research and Reviews}, keywords = {Leather manufacture}, month = apr, number = 1, pages = {015–020}, timestamp = {2023-07-14T12:27:35.000+0200}, title = {Reducing chromium discharge in tanning: The salt-free chrome tanning process}, url = {/brokenurl#Reducing chromium discharge in tanning: The salt-free chrome tanning process}, volume = 15, year = 2023 }