%0 Journal Article %1 solomon_machinery_2007 %A Solomon, Samuel G. %A Lennie, Peter %D 2007 %J Nature Reviews Neuroscience %K Animals Color_Perception Humans Retinal_Cone_Photoreceptor_Cells Visual_Cortex Visual_Pathways biocolores spar/fabio/reviewarticle %N 4 %P 276--286 %R 10.1038/nrn2094 %T The machinery of colour vision %U https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn2094 %V 8 %X Normal human colour vision depends on three types of cone photoreceptors (short-, medium- and long-wavelength sensitive — S, M and L) that have different but overlapping spectral sensitivities.Genes that code for the photosensitive pigments in L- and M-cones are juxtaposed on the X-chromosome, and are vulnerable to alteration or loss, resulting in impaired colour vision, particularly in men.S-cones constitute 5–10\% of the total number of cones; proportions of L- and M-cones vary widely among individuals, although L-cones generally predominate. Cones of the different types are randomly distributed in the mosaic, and large clusters of L- or M-cones are common.Signals from different types of cones are combined in the retina to form cone-opponent pathways that project to the cortex, one opposing L- and M-cone signals, and others carrying strong S-cone signals variably opposed by L- and M-cone signals.Signals regarding colour are substantially transformed on entry to the primary visual cortex, where most neurons respond weakly or not at all to pure colour variation. Neurons that respond well to colour variation have distinctive receptive fields that lack a spatially antagonistic organization.The detection of contour and texture in coloured surfaces requires a receptive field that contains spatially distinct regions which are chromatically opponent. Neurons with such 'double-opponent' receptive fields are seldom found in the primary visual cortex, and might be more common in higher cortical areas.Although neurons that respond well to coloured stimuli are found in multiple visual cortical areas, there is at present little evidence for a pathway that is specialized for the transmission of information about colour.

@article{solomon_machinery_2007, abstract = {Normal human colour vision depends on three types of cone photoreceptors (short-, medium- and long-wavelength sensitive — S, M and L) that have different but overlapping spectral sensitivities.Genes that code for the photosensitive pigments in L- and M-cones are juxtaposed on the X-chromosome, and are vulnerable to alteration or loss, resulting in impaired colour vision, particularly in men.S-cones constitute 5–10\% of the total number of cones; proportions of L- and M-cones vary widely among individuals, although L-cones generally predominate. Cones of the different types are randomly distributed in the mosaic, and large clusters of L- or M-cones are common.Signals from different types of cones are combined in the retina to form cone-opponent pathways that project to the cortex, one opposing L- and M-cone signals, and others carrying strong S-cone signals variably opposed by L- and M-cone signals.Signals regarding colour are substantially transformed on entry to the primary visual cortex, where most neurons respond weakly or not at all to pure colour variation. Neurons that respond well to colour variation have distinctive receptive fields that lack a spatially antagonistic organization.The detection of contour and texture in coloured surfaces requires a receptive field that contains spatially distinct regions which are chromatically opponent. Neurons with such 'double-opponent' receptive fields are seldom found in the primary visual cortex, and might be more common in higher cortical areas.Although neurons that respond well to coloured stimuli are found in multiple visual cortical areas, there is at present little evidence for a pathway that is specialized for the transmission of information about colour.}, added-at = {2021-03-22T23:22:17.000+0100}, author = {Solomon, Samuel G. and Lennie, Peter}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2912340a60c881d64adf76fe2ed0128d2/lmichan}, copyright = {2007 Nature Publishing Group}, doi = {10.1038/nrn2094}, interhash = {831befaa3e26182b67a5d7b49fdf26e6}, intrahash = {912340a60c881d64adf76fe2ed0128d2}, issn = {1471-0048}, journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience}, keywords = {Animals Color_Perception Humans Retinal_Cone_Photoreceptor_Cells Visual_Cortex Visual_Pathways biocolores spar/fabio/reviewarticle}, language = {en}, month = apr, number = 4, pages = {276--286}, timestamp = {2021-03-22T23:22:17.000+0100}, title = {The machinery of colour vision}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn2094}, urldate = {2021-02-24}, volume = 8, year = 2007 }