Article,

Hydrogen and oxygen negative ion production by surface ionization using diamond surfaces

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Surface Science, 373 (1): 56--66 (February 1997)

Abstract

In this paper we report on the first observation of the formation of negatively charged ions upon reflection from a diamond surface. Positive H2 and O2 ions are scattered at small angles of incidence from a polycrystalline diamond surface. Charge exchange is observed yielding neutral particles and negatively charged ions. The negative ion fractions in the reflected particle flux are 5.5% and 29% for hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. These high negative ion yields are maintained in a moderate vacuum environment (10-7 mbar) over weeks without further periodic reconditioning of the surface.

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