Article,
Prevention of Hemophilus influenzae type b disease
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 251 (18): 2381--6 (May 1984)PMID: 6368889.
Abstract
To determine the efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of Hemophilus influenzae type b and prevention of secondary H influenzae type b disease, we conducted a multicenter placebo-controlled trial among selected persons with invasive H influenzae type b disease. Households and day-care classrooms were randomized so that their members received either rifampin (initially at a dose of 10 mg/kg/dose for two to four days rifampin-10, but subsequently at 20 mg/kg/dose for four days rifampin-20) or placebo. Pretherapy H influenzae type b colonization rates were similar in the treatment groups. Therapy with either rifampin regimen significantly reduced carriage (rifampin-20, 97\%; rifampin-10, 63\%; placebo, 28\%). New acquisition of carriage was also significantly reduced by either rifampin regimen (rifampin-20 or rifampin-10, 2\% v placebo, 6\%). No rifampin-resistant H influenzae type b isolates emerged after treatment. Four of 765 placebo-treated contacts experienced secondary disease in contrast to zero of 1,112 rifampin-treated contacts. Because chemoprophylaxis of close contacts with rifampin seems to reduce significantly the risk of secondary H influenzae type b disease, we recommend the administration of prophylaxis in households or day-care classrooms where children younger than 4 years have been exposed to the disease.
Tags
- adolescent,
- age
- as
- care
- carrier
- centers,
- child
- child,
- clinical
- day
- factors,
- female,
- haemophilus
- humans,
- infant,
- infections,
- influenzae,
- male,
- method,
- preschool,
- rifampin
- state,
- topic,
- trials
- {double-blind}
