%0 Journal Article %1 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007657 %A Steel, N %A Faniyi, A A %A Rahman, S %A Swietlik, S %A Czajkowska, B I %A Chan, B T %A Hardgrave, A %A Steel, A %A Sparwasser, T D %A Assas, M B %A Grencis, R K %A Travis, M A %A Worthington, J J %D 2019 %I Public Library of Science %J PLOS Pathog %K sparwasser %N 4 %P 1-25 %T TGFβ-activation by dendritic cells drives Th17 induction and intestinal contractility and augments the expulsion of the parasite Trichinella spiralis in mice %U https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007657 %V 15 %X Author summary Infection with intestinal parasitic worms is a major global health problem. We have therefore evolved means to drive the expulsion of these worms (known as helminths), based on protective (type 2) immune responses. However, if these immune responses are not regulated they can result in more harm than good. One protein that can be key in controlling immune responses is transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Using a model helminth which infects mice, we found that TGFβ was indeed signalling to the immune cells which can initiate the type 2 response, but rather than increasing the regulation of these T-cells it was driving a different inflammatory immune response (termed Th17). Interestingly, this Th17 response was important in expelling the parasite, as mice lacking the ability to activate the TGFβ protein, lacked Th17 responses and the ability to contract intestinal muscles and flush out the parasite. Our findings therefore provide new insights into how helminths are expelled and identify potential molecular targets for the prevention of helminth infection which affects billions of the world’s population in deprived communities.

@article{10.1371/journal.ppat.1007657, abstract = {Author summary Infection with intestinal parasitic worms is a major global health problem. We have therefore evolved means to drive the expulsion of these worms (known as helminths), based on protective (type 2) immune responses. However, if these immune responses are not regulated they can result in more harm than good. One protein that can be key in controlling immune responses is transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Using a model helminth which infects mice, we found that TGFβ was indeed signalling to the immune cells which can initiate the type 2 response, but rather than increasing the regulation of these T-cells it was driving a different inflammatory immune response (termed Th17). Interestingly, this Th17 response was important in expelling the parasite, as mice lacking the ability to activate the TGFβ protein, lacked Th17 responses and the ability to contract intestinal muscles and flush out the parasite. Our findings therefore provide new insights into how helminths are expelled and identify potential molecular targets for the prevention of helminth infection which affects billions of the world’s population in deprived communities.}, added-at = {2019-05-07T15:34:46.000+0200}, author = {Steel, N and Faniyi, A A and Rahman, S and Swietlik, S and Czajkowska, B I and Chan, B T and Hardgrave, A and Steel, A and Sparwasser, T D and Assas, M B and Grencis, R K and Travis, M A and Worthington, J J}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/28bac971786c7b84337bc980a40be104e/sparwasser}, interhash = {b048100f82f5ccab557775876d0e748e}, intrahash = {8bac971786c7b84337bc980a40be104e}, journal = {PLOS Pathog}, keywords = {sparwasser}, month = {04}, number = 4, pages = {1-25}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, pubmedurl = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30998782}, timestamp = {2019-05-07T15:34:46.000+0200}, title = {TGFβ-activation by dendritic cells drives Th17 induction and intestinal contractility and augments the expulsion of the parasite Trichinella spiralis in mice}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007657}, volume = 15, year = 2019 }