Abstract
This specification defines the Mathematical Markup
Language, or MathML. MathML is an XML application for
describing mathematical notation and capturing both its
structure and content. The goal of MathML is to enable
mathematics to be served, received, and processed on the
World Wide Web, just as HTML has enabled this functionality
for text. This specification of the markup language MathML
is intended primarily for a readership consisting of those
who will be developing or implementing renderers or editors
using it, or software that will communicate using MathML as
a protocol for input or output. It is not a User's Guide but
rather a reference document. This document begins with
background information on mathematical notation, the
problems it poses, and the philosophy underlying the
solutions MathML 2.0 proposes. MathML can be used to encode
both mathematical notation and mathematical content. About
thirty of the MathML tags describe abstract notational
structures, while another about one hundred and fifty
provide a way of unambiguously specifying the intended
meaning of an expression. Additional chapters discuss how
the MathML content and presentation elements interact, and
how MathML renderers might be implemented and should
interact with browsers. Finally, this document addresses the
issue of MathML characters and their relation to fonts.
While MathML is human-readable, it is anticipated that, in
all but the simplest cases, authors will use equation
editors, conversion programs, and other specialized software
tools to generate MathML. Several versions of such MathML
tools already exist, and a number of others, both freely
available software and commercial products, are under
development.
Users
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