PhD thesis,

Calling and conflict: A quantitative study of interrole conflict and the sanctification of work and mothering

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Rosemead School of Psychology, Biola University, Ann Arbor, Ph.D., (2007)(ISSP).

Abstract

Investigators have uncovered several benefits of assuming the multiple roles of career and motherhood. Despite the many positive outcomes documented, additional studies have demonstrated potential for negative outcomes through the concept of interrole conflict. Several factors have been found to mediate and to moderate the multiple-roles experience of employed mothers, including work-family fit, womanhood ideologies, role quality, and spousal/social support. Based on a previous study by Oates, Hall, and Anderson (2005), and in light of the past research suggesting a relationship between spirituality and decreased tension due to role conflict, the current study sought to empirically validate the relationship between these interacting constructs among working mothers. Two hundred women, who had completed a master's, doctoral, or professional degree and were employed with at least one child under the age of 18 years residing in the home, completed an online survey investigating their career and mothering roles, internal religious beliefs, and sense of calling to each domain. (Sense of calling was defined as sanctification of goals in each domain.) Participants reported highly sanctifying both their career and parenting roles, and endorsed a generally positive sense of subjective well-being. Individuals reporting a higher degree of interrole conflict endorsed a lower sense of subjective well-being. While a moderating effect of sanctification was not revealed, individuals experiencing a high level of calling to their careers tended to experience significantly less overall interrole conflict, less work-to-parenting conflict, and less parenting-to-work conflict. Implications of the study, including its unique methodology and implications for community, clinical, and religious settings, are discussed.

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