Article,

Genetic evidence for two founding populations of the Americas

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Nature, (July 2015)

Abstract

Genetic studies have consistently indicated a single common origin of Native American groups from Central and South America 1–4 . However, some morphological studies have suggested a more com- plex picture, whereby the northeast Asian affinities of present-day Native Americans contrast with a distinctive morphology seen in some of the earliest American skeletons, which share traits with pre- sent-day Australasians (indigenous groups in Australia, Melanesia, and island Southeast Asia) 5–8 . Here we analyse genome-wide data to show that some Amazonian Native Americans descend partly from a Native American founding population that carried ancestry more closely related to indigenous Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders than to any present-day Eurasians or Native Americans. This signature is not present to the same extent, or at all, in present-day Northern and Central Americans or in a 12,600- year-old Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a more diverse set of founding populations of the Americas than previously accepted.

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