Deep Learning has revolutionised Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. It is about credit assignment in adaptive systems with long chains of potentially causal links between actions and consequences.
M. Hedderich, L. Lange, H. Adel, J. Strötgen, and D. Klakow. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, page 2545--2568. Online, Association for Computational Linguistics, (June 2021)
S. Blodgett, S. Barocas, H. Daumé III, and H. Wallach. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, page 5454--5476. Online, Association for Computational Linguistics, (July 2020)