ref~ is shorthand for ref~1 and means the commit's first parent. ref~2 means the commit's first parent's first parent. ref~3 means the commit's first parent's first parent's first parent. And so on.
ref^ is shorthand for ref^1 and means the commit's first parent. But where the two differ is that ref^2 means the commit's second parent (remember, commits can have two parents when they are a merge).
Die IA ist das Informations-Rückgrad der Website; die Navigation bezieht sich auf diejenigen Elemente, die den Nutzern ermöglichen, spezifische Informationen auf der Website zu finden.
P. Burdziakowski, N. Razmjooy, V. Estrela, and J. Hemanth. Imaging and Sensing for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Volume 2: Deployment and Applications
, Institution of Engineering and Technology, (April 2020)
R. Aroma, K. Raimond, N. Razmjooy, V. Estrela, and J. Hemanth. Imaging and Sensing for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Volume 2: Deployment and Applications
, Institution of Engineering and Technology, (April 2020)
M. Schrapel, A. Finger, J. Meyer, M. Rohs, J. Schöning, and A. Voit. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers
, page 660--661. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2018)