Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy Vol. 10, Iss. 6,  (Nov 2018): 662-665. Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) represent major public health concerns, particularly among veterans. They are associated with significant distress and impairment, and are highly comorbid. Little is known, however, about what role the temporal order of diagnostic onset may play in severity of presenting symptomatology and treatment outcomes. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine treatment outcomes by order of onset.. To read the full article, log in using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens details.