The Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) was initially developed for the Digital Library Federation by Jerome McDonough. Complicated digital objects such as books require structural metadata in order to relate the pages and chapters to one another, as well as to the whole. Technical metadata is needed to inform scholars of how accurate a representation the digital object is, and also to enable the library to periodically refresh and migrate the data to ensure durability. In addition, a standardized schema that encompassed all the preservation and use needs of the digital object was desirable for share-ability, particularly within the proposed Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model.