Based on 33 370 adult survey respondents drawn from 19 countries, those with psychotic experiences had 2-fold increased odds of subsequent STBs (after adjusting for mental disorders). Psychotic experiences were predictors of subsequent STB onset across all life stages; however, the strength of the association was strongest in individuals 12 years and younger. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Patients with schizophrenia have significantly greater variability in the volumes of the putamen, temporal lobe, and thalamus even after accounting for group differences in the mean volume of these structures. Conversely, patients have significantly lower variability in the volume of the anterior cingulate cortex relative to healthy controls. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Motivational deficits are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia, persist despite antipsychotic treatment, and predict long-term outcomes. Evidence suggests that patients with greater amotivation have smaller ventral striatum (VS) volumes. We wished to replicate this finding in a sample of older, chronically medicated patients with schizophrenia. Using structural imaging and positron emission tomography, we examined whether amotivation uniquely predicted VS volumes beyond the effects of striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) blockade by antipsychotics. To read the full article, log in using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens details. SSOTP - You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
Editorial. To read the full article, log in using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens details. SSOTP - You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
Editorial. To read the full article, log in using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens details. SSOTP - You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
A number of studies have noted an association between being the victim of bullying and psychotic symptoms. We offer an overview of the topic, focusing especially on a developmental perspective. We highlight the results of the latest studies on psychosis across the continuum and its relationship with bullying. Then we summarise the three main explanatory models investigated: developmental, biological and cognitive. We recommend that bullying in psychosis requires careful study of the developmental trajectories involved, and that research should now focus on how personal, social and biological factors interact. To read the full article, log in using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens details. SSOTP - You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
While previous studies have found evidence for detrimental effects of metals on neurodevelopment, the long-term effects on mental health remain unclear. The objective was to explore the effect of early metal exposure on risk of psychotic disorder and on symptom severity following illness onset. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
At its re-birth 30 years ago, the neurodevelopment hypothesis of schizophrenia focussed on aberrant genes and early neural hazards, but then it grew to include ideas concerning aberrant synaptic pruning in adolescence. The hypothesis had its own stormy development and it endured some difficult teenage years when a resurgence of interest in neurodegeneration threatened its survival. In early adult life, it over-reached itself with some reductionists claiming that schizophrenia was simply a neurodevelopmental disease. However, by age 30, the hypothesis has matured sufficiently to incorporated childhood and adult adversity, urban living and migration, as well as heavy cannabis use, as important risk factors. Thus, it morphed into the developmental risk factor model of psychosis and integrated new evidence concerning dysregulated striatal dopamine as the final step on the pathway linking risk factors to psychotic symptoms. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Our training in psychiatry during the early 1960s was at a time of intense controversy regarding the origins of schizophrenia. Rather comprehensive explanatory theory for psychopathology was postulated at the level of genetics/biology or psychology or social theory. These perspectives competed for dominance more often than seeking integration although the biopsychosocial medical model, espoused by Engel,1 integrated these perspectives in a general systems framework.....Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
The neurodevelopmental nature of schizophrenia and associated disorders is a central component of most modern concepts of the pathophysiology of these illnesses1,2 and is the focus of this issue3–6 While psychosis typically manifests around adolescence and the current diagnostic criteria then usually only allow a diagnosis around this time, strong evidence shows that manifestation is preceded by prodromal high-risk states, often with an attenuated form of psychopathology then seen in full blown illness, which farther back in time are preceded by less specific prodromal states characterized by social withdrawal, depression, and impaired level of functioning,7 including motor function.8 Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Since a proposal in 1986 that schizophrenia involved early neurodevelopmental deviations beginning in intrauterine life that showed varying expressivity as relevant neural systems matured, our understanding of the developmental components of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia has substantially evolved. This commentary highlights recent genetic and epigenetic evidence that prenatal development is a critical period for the expression of schizophrenia risk. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Ample evidence supports a neurodevelopmental origin in some cases of schizophrenia (SZ). More inconsistent information is available for bipolar disorder (BD). We herein review studies with a focus on premorbid (adjustment and functionality) and early developmental milestones that include both SZ and BD patients. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Individuals with schizophrenia had a greater prevalence of individual and multiple CVD risk factors compared with those without schizophrenia, which persisted over time. Our findings suggest that public health efforts to reduce the burden of CVD risk factors have not been as effective in the schizophrenia population, thus highlighting the need for more targeted interventions and prevention strategies.
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Open access. Treatment resistance is a challenge for the management of schizophrenia. It is not always clear whether inadequate response is secondary to medication ineffectiveness, as opposed to medication underexposure due to non-adherence or pharmacokinetic factors. We investigated the prevalence of subtherapeutic antipsychotic plasma levels in patients identified as treatment-resistant by their treating clinician.
Many studies show that people experiencing psychosis find religion and spirituality to be helpful during times of distress, yet nurses often lack training and confidence to respond to the spiritual needs of their patients. This article begins with an overview of the largely medical model through which psychosis is assessed and addressed in the UK, followed by some definitions of spirituality and religion. Then using a case study of Lucy, a 60-year-old African-Caribbean woman, a critical analysis considers if and how engagement with her religious beliefs in an acute inpatient setting could have improved the nurse-patient relationship and promoted recovery from an acute psychotic episode. The impact of task-driven nursing care upon meaningful engagement is explored and nurses are encouraged to focus on quality rather than length of nurse-patient interactions. The association between religiosity and psychopathology is then considered in terms of impact upon person-centred care. The value of co-creating a narrative with patients in order to promote engagement and recovery is discussed. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Child maltreatment is a widespread public health problem associated with a range of mental health disorders later in life. In order to effectively address these disorders, there is a need to understand more about the mental health consequences of different types of child maltreatment. This study examines the associations between prospectively substantiated child maltreatment (ages 0–14 y) and reports of hallucinations and delusional experiences at 21 years after birth. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Neuroimaging studies investigating dopamine (DA) function widely support the hypothesis of presynaptic striatal DA hyperactivity in schizophrenia. However, published data on the striatal DA transporter (DAT) appear less consistent with this hypothesis, probably partly due to methodological limitations. Moreover, DAT in extrastriatal regions has been very poorly investigated in the context of schizophrenia. In order to address these issues, we used a high resolution positron emission tomograph and the selective DAT radioligand [11C]PE2I, coupled with a whole brain voxel-based analysis method to investigate DAT availability......Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects around one-third of individuals with schizophrenia. Although a number of sociodemographic and clinical predictors of TRS have been identified, data on the genetic risk of TRS are sparse. We aimed to investigate the association between a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and treatment resistance in patients with schizophrenia. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Nearly one-third of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) develop a psychotic disorder during life, most of them by early adulthood. Importantly, a full-blown psychotic episode is usually preceded by subthreshold symptoms. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai