Abstract
The integrated circuit revolution changed our lives by automating
computational tasks on a grand scale. My group has been asking
whether a similar revolution could be enabled by automating biological
tasks. To that end, we have developed a method of fabricating very
small plumbing devices - chips with small channels and valves that
manipulate fluids containing biological molecules and cells, instead
of the more familiar chips with wires and transistors that manipulate
electrons. Using this technology, we have fabricated chips that have
thousands of valves in an area of one square inch. We are using these
chips in applications ranging from bioreactors to structural
genomics to ultrasensitive genetic analysis. However, there is also a substantial amount of basic physics to explore with these systems - the properties of fluids change dramatically as the working volume is scaled from
milliliters to nanoliters!
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