Article,
Particle emission rates from a black hole: Massless particles from an uncharged, nonrotating hole
Physical Review D, 13 (2): 198--206 (January 1976)
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.13.198
Abstract
Hawking has predicted that a black hole will emit particles as if it had a temperature proportional to its surface gravity. This paper combines Hawking's quantum formalism with the black-hole perturbation methods of Teukolsky and Press to calculate the emission rate for the known massless particles. Numerical results indicate that a hole of mass M≫1017 g should emit a total power output of 2×10-4ℏc6G-2M-2, of which 81\% is in neutrinos, 17\% is in photons, and 2\% is in gravitons. These rates plus an estimate for the emission rates of massive particles from smaller holes allow one to infer that a primordial black hole will have decayed away within the present age of the universe if and only if its initial mass was M<(5±1)×1014 g.
