Article,

Is the Steady Viscous Incompressible Two-Dimensional Flow over a Backward-Facing Step at Re = 800 Stable?

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International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 17 (6): 501--541 (Sep 30, 1993)
DOI: 10.1002/fld.1650170605

Abstract

A detailed case study is made of one particular solution of the 2D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Careful mesh refinement studies were made using four different methods (and computer codes): (1) a high-order finite-element method solving the unsteady equations by time-marching; (2) a high-order finite-element method solving both the steady equations and the associated linear-stability problem; (3) a second-order finite difference method solving the unsteady equations in streamfunction form by time-marching; and (4) a spectral-element method solving the unsteady equations by time-marching. The unanimous conclusion is that the correct solution for flow over the backward-facing step at Re = 800 is steady—and it is stable, to both small and large perturbations.

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