Article,

A Four Unit Cell Periodic Pattern of Quasi-Particle States Surrounding Vortex Cores in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_8+\delta$

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Science, 295 (5554): 466--469 (January 2002)

Abstract

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to image the additional quasi-particle states generated by quantized vortices in the high critical temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+. They exhibit a copper-oxygen bond-oriented "checkerboard" pattern, with four unit cell (4a0) periodicity and a ~30 angstrom decay length. These electronic modulations may be related to the magnetic field-induced, 8a0 periodic, spin density modulations with decay length of ~70 angstroms recently discovered in La1.84Sr0.16CuO4. The proposed explanation is a spin density wave localized surrounding each vortex core. General theoretical principles predict that, in the cuprates, a localized spin modulation of wavelength should be associated with a corresponding electronic modulation of wavelength /2, in good agreement with our observations.

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