%0 Journal Article %1 stewart_etal:2002 %A Stewart, Robert R. %A Gaiser, James E. %A Brown, R. James %A Lawton, Don C. %D 2002 %I SEG %J Geophysics %K geophysics seismics %N 5 %P 1348--1363 %R 10.1190/1.1512781 %T Converted-wave seismic exploration: Methods %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1512781 %V 67 %X Multicomponent seismic recording (measurement with vertical- and horizontal-component geophones and possibly a hydrophone or microphone) captures the seismic wavefield more completely than conventional single-element techniques. In the last several years, multicomponent surveying has developed rapidly, allowing creation of converted-wave or P-S images. These make use of downgoing P-waves that convert on reflection at their deepest point of penetration to upcoming S-waves. Survey design for acquiring P-S data is similar to that for P-waves, but must take into account subsurface VP/VS values and the asymmetric P-S ray path. P-S surveys use conventional sources, but require several times more recording channels per receiving location. Some special processes for P-S analysis include anisotropic rotations, S-wave receiver statics, asymmetric and anisotropic binning, nonhyperbolic velocity analysis and NMO correction, P-S to P-P time transformation, P-S dip moveout, prestack migration with two velocities and wavefields, and stacking velocity and reflectivity inversion for S-wave velocities. Current P-S sections are approaching (and in some cases exceeding) the quality of conventional P-P seismic data. Interpretation of P-S sections uses full elastic ray tracing, synthetic seismograms, correlation with P-wave sections, and depth migration. Development of the P-S method has taken about 20 years, but has now become commercially viable.

@article{stewart_etal:2002, abstract = {Multicomponent seismic recording (measurement with vertical- and horizontal-component geophones and possibly a hydrophone or microphone) captures the seismic wavefield more completely than conventional single-element techniques. In the last several years, multicomponent surveying has developed rapidly, allowing creation of converted-wave or P-S images. These make use of downgoing P-waves that convert on reflection at their deepest point of penetration to upcoming S-waves. Survey design for acquiring P-S data is similar to that for P-waves, but must take into account subsurface VP/VS values and the asymmetric P-S ray path. P-S surveys use conventional sources, but require several times more recording channels per receiving location. Some special processes for P-S analysis include anisotropic rotations, S-wave receiver statics, asymmetric and anisotropic binning, nonhyperbolic velocity analysis and NMO correction, P-S to P-P time transformation, P-S dip moveout, prestack migration with two velocities and wavefields, and stacking velocity and reflectivity inversion for S-wave velocities. Current P-S sections are approaching (and in some cases exceeding) the quality of conventional P-P seismic data. Interpretation of P-S sections uses full elastic ray tracing, synthetic seismograms, correlation with P-wave sections, and depth migration. Development of the P-S method has taken about 20 years, but has now become commercially viable.}, added-at = {2012-09-01T13:08:21.000+0200}, author = {Stewart, Robert R. and Gaiser, James E. and Brown, R. James and Lawton, Don C.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21cd766a6be9ae801dc072c7e38f7dc61/nilsma}, day = 1, doi = {10.1190/1.1512781}, interhash = {22e30ee092882d1b36398ec563c213f5}, intrahash = {1cd766a6be9ae801dc072c7e38f7dc61}, journal = {Geophysics}, keywords = {geophysics seismics}, month = sep, number = 5, pages = {1348--1363}, publisher = {SEG}, timestamp = {2021-02-09T13:27:42.000+0100}, title = {Converted-wave seismic exploration: Methods}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1512781}, volume = 67, year = 2002 }