Abstract
In this paper, we present a new variation of the solid-state procedure
on the synthesis of bioceramics with titanium (CapTi) and zirconium
(CapZr), considering that zirconium (ZrO2) and titanium oxide (TiO2) are
strengthening agents, due to their superb force and fracture toughness.
The high efficiency of the calcination process opens a new way of
producing commercial amounts of nanocrystalline bioceramics. In this
work, a new variation of the solid-state procedure method was used to
produce nanocrystalline powders of titanium and zirconium, using two
different experimental chemical routes: CapTi: Ca(H2PO4)(2) + TiO2 and
CapZr: Ca(H2PO4)(2) + ZrO2. The powders were submitted to calcination
processes (CapTic and CapZrc) at 800, 900 and 1000 degrees C. The
calcium titanium phosphate phase, CaTi4P6O24, was obtained in the CapTic
reaction and the calcium zirconium phosphate, CaZr4P6O24, was obtained
in the CapZrc reaction. The obtained ceramics were characterized by
x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman
scattering spectroscopy (RSS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
analysis. This method was compared with the milling process (CapTim and
CapZrm), where in the last process the melting is not necessary and the
powder obtained is nanocrystalline. The calcium titanium phosphate
phase, CaTi4P6O24, was obtained in the reaction CapTim, but in CapZrm
the formation of any calcium phosphate phase even after 15 h of dry
mechanical alloying was not observed.
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