Abstract
Objective. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively studied
for their antimicrobial properties, which provide an extensive
applicability in dentistry. Because of this increasing interest in
AgNPs, the objective of this paper was to review their use in
nanocomposites; implant coatings; pre-formulation with antimicrobial
activity against cariogenic pathogens, periodontal biofilm, fungal
pathogens and endodontic bacteria; and other applications such as
treatment of oral cancer and local anesthesia. Recent achievements in
the study of the mechanism of action and the most important
toxicological aspects are also presented.
Methods. Systematic searches were carried out in Web of Science (ISI),
Google, PubMed, SciFinder and EspaceNet databases with the keywords
``silver nano* or AgNP*'' and ``dentist* or dental* or
odontol*''.
Results. A total of 155 peer-reviewed articles were reviewed. Most of
them were published in the period of 2012-2017, demonstrating that this
topic currently represents an important trend in dentistry research. In
vitro studies reveal the excellent antimicrobial activity of AgNPs when
associated with dental materials such as nanocomposites, acrylic resins,
resin co-monomers, adhesives, intracanal medication, and implant
coatings. Moreover, AgNPs were demonstrated to be interesting tools in
the treatment of oral cancers due to their antitumor properties.
Signcance. The literature indicates that AgNPs are a promising system
with important features such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and
antitumor activity, and a potential carrier in sustained drug delivery.
However, there are some aspects of the mechanisms of action of AgNPs,
and some important toxicological aspects arising from the use of this
system that must be completely elucidated. (C) 2017 The Academy of
Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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