Framing effects are said to occur when equivalent frames lead to different
choices. However, the equivalence in question has been incompletely
conceptualized. In a new normative analysis of framing effects, we
complete the conceptualization by introducing the notion of information
equivalence. Information equivalence obtains when no choice-relevant
inferences can be drawn from the speaker's choice of frame. We show
that, to support the normative implications traditionally attributed
to framing effects, frames must be equivalent in this sense. We also
present new evidence for reference point hypothesis, which posits
a tendency to cast descriptions in terms of what has increased relative
to the reference point. This leakage of information about relative
state violates information equivalence, and gives rise to a normative
account of the most robust finding in the attribute framing literature-the
valence-consistency of preference shifts. We argue that, more generally,
valenced descriptions leak information about perceived valence. Such
"implicit recommendations" may generalize the reference point explanation
of the valence-consistent shift. Normative and psychological implications
of the information leakage framework are discussed.
%0 Journal Article
%1 Sher2006
%A Sher, Shlomi
%A McKenzie, Craig R M
%D 2006
%J Cognition
%K Fra, Leakage
%P 467-494
%T Information leakage from logically equivalent frames.
%V 101
%X Framing effects are said to occur when equivalent frames lead to different
choices. However, the equivalence in question has been incompletely
conceptualized. In a new normative analysis of framing effects, we
complete the conceptualization by introducing the notion of information
equivalence. Information equivalence obtains when no choice-relevant
inferences can be drawn from the speaker's choice of frame. We show
that, to support the normative implications traditionally attributed
to framing effects, frames must be equivalent in this sense. We also
present new evidence for reference point hypothesis, which posits
a tendency to cast descriptions in terms of what has increased relative
to the reference point. This leakage of information about relative
state violates information equivalence, and gives rise to a normative
account of the most robust finding in the attribute framing literature-the
valence-consistency of preference shifts. We argue that, more generally,
valenced descriptions leak information about perceived valence. Such
"implicit recommendations" may generalize the reference point explanation
of the valence-consistent shift. Normative and psychological implications
of the information leakage framework are discussed.
@article{Sher2006,
abstract = {Framing effects are said to occur when equivalent frames lead to different
choices. However, the equivalence in question has been incompletely
conceptualized. In a new normative analysis of framing effects, we
complete the conceptualization by introducing the notion of information
equivalence. Information equivalence obtains when no choice-relevant
inferences can be drawn from the speaker's choice of frame. We show
that, to support the normative implications traditionally attributed
to framing effects, frames must be equivalent in this sense. We also
present new evidence for reference point hypothesis, which posits
a tendency to cast descriptions in terms of what has increased relative
to the reference point. This leakage of information about relative
state violates information equivalence, and gives rise to a normative
account of the most robust finding in the attribute framing literature-the
valence-consistency of preference shifts. We argue that, more generally,
valenced descriptions leak information about perceived valence. Such
"implicit recommendations" may generalize the reference point explanation
of the valence-consistent shift. Normative and psychological implications
of the information leakage framework are discussed.},
added-at = {2009-10-13T14:06:45.000+0200},
author = {Sher, Shlomi and McKenzie, Craig R M},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21e7ea535404a1f71a0e64cf0dd7913e4/schultem},
file = {Sher2006.pdf:s\\Sher2006.pdf:PDF},
interhash = {d3cec0c14a21dfa7dc0632730ef06f1e},
intrahash = {1e7ea535404a1f71a0e64cf0dd7913e4},
journal = {Cognition},
keywords = {Fra, Leakage},
owner = {Michael},
pages = {467-494},
pii = {S0010-0277(05)00212-X},
pmid = {16364278},
timestamp = {2009-10-13T14:06:57.000+0200},
title = {Information leakage from logically equivalent frames.},
volume = 101,
year = 2006
}