Lag as a determinant of human performance in interactive systems
I. MacKenzie, and C. Ware. Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems, page 488--493. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ACM Press, (1993)
Abstract
The sources of lag (the delay between input action and output response) and its effects on human performance are discussed. We measured the effects in a study of target acquisition using the classic Fitts' law paradigm with the addition of four lag conditions. At the highest lag tested (225 ms), movement times and error rates increased by 64\% and 214\% respectively, compared to the zero lag condition. We propose a model according to which lag should have a multiplicative effect on Fitts' index of difficulty. The model accounts for 94\% of the variance and is better than alternative models which propose only an additive effect for lag. The implications for the design of virtual reality systems are discussed.
%0 Conference Paper
%1 mackenzie_lag_1993
%A MacKenzie, I. Scott
%A Ware, Colin
%B Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
%C Amsterdam, The Netherlands
%D 1993
%I ACM Press
%K delay, feedback fitts' human lag, law, modeling, performance reality speed-accuracy tradeoff, virtual
%P 488--493
%T Lag as a determinant of human performance in interactive systems
%X The sources of lag (the delay between input action and output response) and its effects on human performance are discussed. We measured the effects in a study of target acquisition using the classic Fitts' law paradigm with the addition of four lag conditions. At the highest lag tested (225 ms), movement times and error rates increased by 64\% and 214\% respectively, compared to the zero lag condition. We propose a model according to which lag should have a multiplicative effect on Fitts' index of difficulty. The model accounts for 94\% of the variance and is better than alternative models which propose only an additive effect for lag. The implications for the design of virtual reality systems are discussed.
%@ 0-89791-575-5
@inproceedings{mackenzie_lag_1993,
abstract = {The sources of lag (the delay between input action and output response) and its effects on human performance are discussed. We measured the effects in a study of target acquisition using the classic Fitts' law paradigm with the addition of four lag conditions. At the highest lag tested (225 ms), movement times and error rates increased by 64\% and 214\% respectively, compared to the zero lag condition. We propose a model according to which lag should have a multiplicative effect on Fitts' index of difficulty. The model accounts for 94\% of the variance and is better than alternative models which propose only an additive effect for lag. The implications for the design of virtual reality systems are discussed.},
added-at = {2009-12-03T23:52:31.000+0100},
address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
author = {{MacKenzie}, I. Scott and Ware, Colin},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/22a7d463319986f5a2484e7b69b1b4ba4/ekstrand},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {INTERACT} '93 and {CHI} '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems},
description = {Interactive app dev BibTeX},
interhash = {b063c682faadab184628da92a0962991},
intrahash = {2a7d463319986f5a2484e7b69b1b4ba4},
isbn = {0-89791-575-5},
keywords = {delay, feedback fitts' human lag, law, modeling, performance reality speed-accuracy tradeoff, virtual},
pages = {488--493},
publisher = {{ACM} Press},
timestamp = {2009-12-03T23:52:31.000+0100},
title = {Lag as a determinant of human performance in interactive systems},
year = 1993
}