Abstract
Master equations govern the time evolution of a quantum system interacting
with an environment, and may be written in a variety of forms. Markovian master
equations, in particular, can be cast in the well-known Lindblad form. Any
time-local master equation, Markovian or non-Markovian, may in fact also be
written in Lindblad-like form. A diagonalisation procedure results in a unique,
and in this sense canonical, representation of the equation. This
representation may be used to fully characterize the non-Markovianity of the
time evolution. Recently, several different measures of non-Markovianity have
been presented. Their common underlying definition of non-Markovianity is
whether negative decoherence rates may appear in the Lindblad-like form of the
master equation. We therefore propose to use the negative decoherence rates
themselves, as they appear in the unique canonical form of the master equation,
as a primary measure to more completely characterize non-Markovianity. The
advantages of this are especially apparent when many decoherence channels are
present.
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